Depending on what you mean:
....any liquid has a specific boiling point. Dont confuse boiling with adding heat OK? So typically water at normal pressure boils at 212F. Well when we subject that water to a vacuum and lower the pressure, then it boils at a lower pressure and temperature. You can interchange the terms evaporate and boil here. Now the cooling part. In a lower pressure and during evaporation we see a change of stae from liquid to vapor; that is the important part as a very large quantity of energy is consumed during change of state. That energy comes from the surrounding water.
Yes install it on the cold water line as close to the heater as possible.
by inhibiting heat conduction
Vacuum flask.
It will certainly not stay cold as long as if it were capped.
If the water is cold, you can keep it cold by storing it in a well insulated container, ideally a vacuum flask, or failing that, a Styrofoam chest. That doesn't keep it cold indefinitely, but it does keep it cold longer than if you did not use an insulated container. Also, even if you do not have electricity or ice boxes, you may still be able to buy a bag of ice. Many stores sell them.
Metalic cups keeps the water cold and it can be also used to keep the water hot .
Keep in the refrigerator or if u want it REALLY cold try freezing it
Clarification: I am wanting to know how much vacuum I need to pull to get water to boil at 150 degrees.
there are some liquid selling in the market to keep the tender which sliced fruits and vegetable's to keep the fresh even several month's. peoples in home are used to keep the sliced fruits by put in the vinegar and leave it at the refrigerator.
Ice..
The water would have to be colder than the ice to keep it cold. That is not possible unless it is brine(salt water). Then ice at 32f could be cooled by brine at say 30f.
put them in cold water