How does manipulation work?

Answer 1

The original theory of chiropractic 100 years ago was that illness occurs due to "subluxations", which was defined as the vertebrae causing impingement of the adjacent nerve roots. Chiropractic manipulations were thought to move the vertebrae back into alignment and reduce the pressure on these nerves, so that the body could then heal itself.

Modern chiropractic is based on the theory that a properly functioning spine and musculoskeletal system in general is an important part of total health and well-being. Joints in the spine (and others) are meant to move. When joints are not moving properly then pain and loss of function can result. Chiropractors will use joint manipulations to induce proper motion back into a joint and thus relieve pain and improve function.

More technically, chiropractic scientists theorize that joint manipulation affects afferent stimuli, reducing or eliminating gamma system overflow or reducing the proprioceptive input modulating gamma system function. It has been suggested that this temporary interruption in myoelectrical activity has a persistent therapeutic effect on the periarticular muscle.

Answer 2

Many consumer rights advocates argue that research data can be manipulated to support any conclusion. Assume you are attending a meeting where a research project for IPhone in Pakistan's market is being presented. List five questions that you would ask to test the interpretation and objectivity of the findings being presented.