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How long do satellites get used?

Updated: 8/20/2019
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11y ago

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The service life of satellites in space depends on various factors.

The most important one is Earth drag which pulls every object down to the ground. Its intensity depends on the altitude and the mass of the flying object (e.g. the ISS of about 450 tons (on the ground!) at 400 km is dragged down to Earth by 70 to 100 m every 24 hours).

If you intend to keep a satellite on orbit (in use) you have to counter that drag, for which the satellites also have propellants on board. Since they are part of the precious payload at launch the amount of propellants is calculated for the estimated service life. With no re-boosts in altitude the satellite is bound to decay and not usable any more. For small satellites (like communication satellites) the amount of propellant is a few kilograms only (for minor re-boosts about 100 gram are needed only). The ISS is refuelled in regular intervals via Progress transporters (delivering more than 100 kilograms) and/or the rockets (and fuel) of docked spacecraft are used for re-boosts in order to save on-board fuel.

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