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Merchants try to manipulate the price of commodities by controlling the amount available for sale. Sometimes it works and sometimes it does not. When Brazil grew most of the world's coffee, they could control the price by only selling it when it would fetch a certain price. At that point, a number of nations in Africa started growing coffee. At that point, the price of coffee collapsed. It is possible to manipulate commodity prices in the short run but not in the long run.

In a short time, the large sugar cane fields of Florida could be harvested and turned into rice paddies.

Besides controlling the amount they are willing to sell, price manipulation can be the result of direct collusion between merchants: that is, regardless of how much is being sold, merchants could agree that they would never charge less than some price $X for the good. This type of collusion is usually done through cartels or trusts, but, particularly in the medieval times, was a practice of guilds and mercantile associations. It also can happen today when a market has a very few merchants (2-4 at most), and they come to an "unofficial" agreement around pricing.

Additionally, merchants and/or nations can manipulate or control prices by tariffs and import quotas. From the times of mercantilism, colonial powers used this system to embellish the economies of the home nation at the expense of the colonies they controlled. Rarely did the Power be in the business of growing cotton for example, however, the merchants that were were part of this self contained profit system with the control of prices in collusion with their governments.

Merchants can also control prices and commodities by means of monopolies that are created by governments. Reference to this is mentioned earlier by the first contributor.

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Q: How might merchants manipulate the price of commodities?
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