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Mestizos are half Spanish and half Indian. They can be of the upper elite class as many were, or of the poor rural an urban classes, depending on their parents economic and social status.

Genizaros are Indian Slaves. They were the poorest and most socially marginalized people in Colonial New Mexico. Their descendents were often referred to as "Coyotes."

Many Genizaros were owned by well to do Mestizo families such as the Matin-Serranos of Northern New Mexico. The name eventually morphed into Martinez. They were descendents of a Spanish Soldier (Capitan Hernan Marttin Serrano) and a Tano Pueblo woman named Dona Inez. This was likely one of the richest and most influential families in Northern New Mexico! Over the generations they owned many Genizaros, who also took on the name of their Masters (Martinez).

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Q: How were the mestizos and genizaros different?
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