Maybe.
No.
no
Only if the courts expressly say so.
It depends on the exact language in the custody decree, but ordinarily a custodial parent is allowed to place a minor child in the temporary care of any responsible adult.
see related link
no see links below
A minor cannot leave the home of the custodial parent without that parent's permission. The noncustodial parent can petition the court for custody rights pertaining to the minor child. Depending on the child's age the court will take into consideration the opinion/feelings of the child before rendering a decision.
Maybe, if the absent parent does not share custody in any manner and there is not a visitation order in place, a custodial parent can take whatever action he or she chooses in regards to a minor child. However, courts do not look favorably upon any parent who does not allow the other parent to have a relationship with his or her minor child/children unless there is substantiated reasons (child abuse, endangerment, etc.) for the action. A parent who is being denied access to his or her child/children can file suit for visitation and/or custodial rights if they so choose.
That depends on whether or not the non-custodial parent is a minor and prevailing law in the state where you live. Contact a family law attorney in your area for specific information.
No, the minor parent is.
Yes, she is the guardian of the child.
Not without the other parent agreeing to the relinquishment of his or her parental rights as well. Any parent can file for the voluntary termination of parental rights. It is the judge's decision whether it will be granted, and if so, to what extent. A TPR is not a legal instrument to be used as a way for a parent to be relieved of their responsibilities to their minor child or children.