Name of German money in 1861?

Answer 1

Before 1871 Germany consisted of about 35-40 practically sovereign states, most of which issued their own currency. There was no single national currency till 1874. Most of North German states including Prussia, Saxony and Hanover used the Thaler, while most of the South German states and Austria used the Gulden. The Thaler at that time was divided into 30 Groschen of 12 (or in some states 10) Pfennig(e) each. The Gulden consisted of 60 Kreuzer of 4 Heller each. Some of the German states had other currencies, such as the Schilling. Until 1821 the Thaler was divided into 24 Groschen of 12 Pfennig(e) each. The Mark was not a coin but a lump of silver carefully preserved at Cologne and the larger silver coins of all German currencies had to state their value in relation to the Cologne mark, so until 1856 the Prussian Thaler coins were inscribed '14 eine Mark fein' (that is, 14 to the Mark). In 1857 the Mark was redefined and thereafter they were inscribed '30 to the Mark', but the value in silver remained practically unaltered.