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A good Master's Thesis question, and the big debate remains over the Canadian refusal to send conscripts overseas, which led to manpower shortages at the front. However, Canada's contributions were quite immense...at war's end, she had the fourth-largest navy and fifth-largest air force in the world, and the first field (and probably only) army in her history, with two corps under command. Canada provided industry and agriculture, and bases for the British Empire Training Program, which enabled RAF crews from across the Commonwealth to train over vast open spaces in Canada without fear of enemy attack. Canadian destroyer escorts were critical in winning the battle of the Atlantic. The last Canadian to win the Victoria Cross died some weeks ago, Smokey Smith, who gained his coveted hardware in Italy in 1945.

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