yes
Lateen sail
Yes, the did. They had them on the caravels as well.
how did the lateen sail help the european explorers
Lateen Sails
Triangular-shaped sails helped catch wind from the sides and rear.
The development of the lateen sail, the rudder, and the astrolabe gave sailors a means to navigate in open water.
The lateen is believed to have been used in the Eastern Mediterranean as early as the 2nd Century ce (common ear). The effective use by the Arabs caused it's rapid spread through the Mediterranean. The lateen sail was so popular because its ability to sail into the wind. Prior to the lateen a majority of sea vessels used square sails (which one can imagine wouldn't sail into the wind very effectively). The lateen made up a majority of ship sails during the Age of Discovery (When Columbus discovered the Americas). The lateen made it possible to sail faster, farther, and more efficiently. An elite ship during the Age of Discovery was the caravel, its elite status can be attributed to how effectively it utilized the lateen sail.
Advances in European shipbuilding in the 1400s included the use of triangle-trade lateen sails. This helped to give the ships more speed.
The lateen sail was invented around 100.
The lateen sail, which allowed tacking into the wind, the block and tackle, which allowed the raising of large sails with less manpower, the compass and the sextant. I don't know which three your teacher wants, but these four were critical.
They built caravels, made better maps, used the rudder, used the lateen (a triangular sail), used an astrolabe, also used a compass.
A type of sail