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HOAs typically are responsible for enforcing the covenants, conditions, restrictions, rules, etc. of a condominium, townhome, cooperative or even single family homeowners' association. The organic document, usually called a "declaration", specifies the rights the HOA has and the tools that the HOA can use to do so, usually in the sections that constitute the "by-laws" of the Association. The by-laws are similar to those granted to a corporation.

Depending on the jurisdiction (State), these tools include: the right to impose fines that, after being unpaid long enough, can allow the HOA to file a lien against a unit that, if unpaid, could result in the HOA being able to foreclose on the lien and have the unit sold to pay the fine; the right to file a lawsuit directly if the owner's breach of the covenant is bad enough, that could result in the granting of injunctive relief that could either require the owner to stop doing something or force the owner to do something, and may also be accompanied by a claim for money damages; alternatively for failure to pay fines or perform obligations, after a period of time the HOA may have the right to evict the owner and rent the unit to someone who will comply with the covenants.

During the "sell-out" period, when the developer may still control the HOA, declarations typically give the developer slack on things like the right to hang signs ("for sale"....) or other marketing type things, or enforce or not enforce certain covenants, so that the development can be sold out quickly enough and then the owners can control the HOA.

You really have to look at your State's laws as to HOA rights, and then look at the particular declaration for which rights have been given.

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Q: What are HOA's rights to enforce covenants?
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