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Usually some muddy thinking.

The old sizing systems referred to the size, the diameter of the complete wheel - inflated tire, on its rim.

Trouble is, the overall diameter varies with the width of the tire, and people tend to replace tires a lot more often than they replace rims.

This means that a bigger wheel with a narrower tire can have the same diameter as a smaller wheel with a wider tire.

It's particularly bad in 26", where there are 4-5 different 26" rim/tire sizes which don't mix with each other.

A much more sensible approach is the ETRTO sizing system, which refers to the diameter where the tire and rim overlap. If the ETRTO number matches, you're at least guaranteed that the tire will be able to mount to the rim.

Now, the story doesn't stop there. Some tires are just too wide or too narrow to be a good choice for that rim. And some tires are too wide to fit a certain frame/fork. But it's still a good deal better than referring to the outer diameter of the rideable wheel.

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Q: What are sizes of bike tires based off of?
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