Contact a lawyer to find out your options. Technically this shouldn't have happened in the first place, since the law requires BOTH parents sign before a child can be issued a passport.
The good news is that it should be pretty easy to get a court to modify the custody agreement if this happens.
The bad news is that it's difficult to get a child back out of some countries if even one parent wants the child to stay.
Probably not, but if they are out of the country it could get very complicated trying to bring them back. You need to contact your attorney and possibly the embassy of the country where your children are and the US embassy in the country where they are being kept.
You need a letter from the other parent giving permission. Otherwise you risk having difficulty either leaving or returning.
No, as both signatures are required on the passport.
no, even if you have sole custody
no
No, the non custodial parent cannot give permission to have a friend look after their child and non custodial means you have no custody rights so the permission should be granted by the parent that has custodial rights.AnswerIf you are the parent with legal custody you do not need the non-custodial parent's permission to allow your friend to watch your child. The parent who has legal custody has both the right and the authority to make that decision.
Not without permission of the court if the other parent's rights weren't terminated.
Not without parent permission. It could be considered kidnapping without that.
Permission from the other parent. Yes if you are in leagule custody of the child at the time
If without the permission of the parent or the courts.
Not without permission of the judge/court where the custodial order was issued.
Not without permission of the parent with legal custody. Or they will need a court order.
The parent without a custody order? If so, no, not without a court order to the contrary. If no custody order is in place, it depends on prevailing state law (or country if outside the USA) who has presumed custody, if joint custody is assumed in the absence of a court order, or other such specifications and based on the same, whether the custodial parent's permission, both parents' permissions and/or order of the court is required. At any rate, a minor may not make such a decision of their own volition....not in the United States anyway.