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The death of the Prophet Muhammad. It was then decided that as a religious and community leader he should be succeeded, and such a religious successor was called a Caliph; the region and community he ruled over, a Caliphate. This immediately led to the first schism, namely between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims. The Sunni Muslims considered Muhammad's father-in-law the rightful successor and first Caliph, the Shia Muslims considered his son-in-law the rightful successor.

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7y ago
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7y ago

The Caliphate was simply the successor-state to Muhammad's Islamic Empire. It did not "develop" so much as continue from the previous period.

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Q: What are the major causes of the development of Islamic caliphates?
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