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Firstly know what is clock.

Clock - Clock/Clock Rate is the speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions which is usually expressed in MHz or GHz. This clock ensures that all components and memory are working together at a rate that remains harmonious. Different components and processes can also run as a fraction of the primary CPU speed, which allows each element of a computer to work on its own and still function with the primary frequency of the CPU.

So..

Clocking - It is a technique by which we alter the operating speed/clock with which a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Random Access Memory (RAM) or Central Processing Unit (CPU) works. Remember that we don't and can't change the original clock speed since the frequency with which the crystal inside the processor oscillates can't be altered externally. Instead we adjust the clock received to the previously mentioned units so that they could be made to work faster or slower depending on the user's choice.

There are two types of clocking methods available.

UnderClocking - A technique to reduce the speed with which a unit operates.

reason for use - underclocking trades off slower operation to reduce power consumption and temperature, cooling requirements (and reducing the number and speed of fans makes for quiet operation) and, where relevant, increase battery life per charge.

Disadvantage - Reduces instruction execution/operation time.

OverClocking - A technique to increase the speed with which a unit operates.

reason for use - Increasing speed, thereby increasing performance of the task. Increasing personal computing capacity.

Disadvantage - Overheating, loss of data and even complete system failure can result if the process is not done properly.

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Q: What is clocking in computers architecture?
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