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All of the Moon's lighted side is visible during the full moon.
No
waning
yes the phases do depend on the lighted side.
first quarter and third quarter phase.
In the two first quarters it increases from 0% to 100%
You can see the same amount of the moon during the first and last quarter, as well as during each half.
Not exactly. The lighted side of the moon as seen from Earth is that part that is not shadowed by the Earth.
One half of the moon, the side that faces the Sun, is always lighted. But we usually see only part of the lighted side (phases) as the Moon orbits the Earth. When the Moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun (a new moon) none of the lighted side, facing the Sun, is visible from Earth.
The moon is said to be waning when less and less of the side facing Earth is lighted. :D
No, the correct way to say it is: "The light side of the moon"
This is what causes the so-called "phases" of the moon: although fully half of the moon is lighted, we can only see part of the lighted part. A person on earth hardly ever sees all of the lighted side of the moon. When he does, he calls the sight a "full moon."