The Blackshirts, also known as squadristi, were bands of Fascists, formed by Mussolini, that attacked socialist offices and newspapers and used violence to break up strikes. These violent groups eventually helped Mussolini rise to power. After Mussolini gained power, he formed the OVRA, which was a terrorist police force that could arrest and jail anyone who was suspected to be an enemy of the government, without a trial.
They may have had a secret police, but there has been no evidence.
The Italian secret police like the German Gestapo
murder and he violated human rights/freedoms
The OVRA were the Fascist secret police, roughly equivalent to the Gestapo of Nazi Germany. The acronym comes from "Organizzazione per la Vigilanza e la Repressione dell'Antifascismo" - Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-fascism. The group was formed in 1927.
Lorenzo Verdolini has written: 'La trama segreta' -- subject(s): Fascism, History, Ovra (Organization : Italy), Police, Politics and government
The Italian intelligence branch during World War II was known as the Servizio Informazioni Militare (SIM). It was responsible for gathering and analyzing military intelligence for the Italian armed forces. The SIM also had a division dedicated to covert operations called the Organizzazione di Vigilanza e Repressione dell'Antifascismo (OVRA), which focused on counterintelligence and suppressing resistance activities.
Mussolini was pro-violence. He believed that if necessary an Italian should die for the good of the state. At the begining of his campaign he even used terror to gain power. Google "Mussolini, Black Shirts" or "Mussolini, OVRA"
Silverio Corvisieri has written: 'Il mago dei generali' -- subject(s): Occultists, Ovra (Organization : Italy), Politics and government 'La villeggiatura di Mussolini' -- subject(s): History, Politics and government, Political prisoners, Fascism '\\' -- subject(s): Bandiera rossa, Underground movements, World War, 1939-1945 'I senzamao' -- subject(s): Radicalism, Avanguardia operaia
Carl Deloro has: Played Henchman Charley in "Riders of the North" in 1931. Played Henchman Red in "Two Fisted Justice" in 1931. Played Chef at Wedding in "The Rage of Paris" in 1938. Played Man Singing at Inquirer Party in "Citizen Kane" in 1941. Played Arab Guest with Fez in "Casablanca" in 1942. Played Minor Role in "The Mask of Dimitrios" in 1944. Played Undetermined Role in "The Conspirators" in 1944. Played Joe in "Life with Blondie" in 1945. Played Officer in "The Spanish Main" in 1945. Played Ovra Man in "Cloak and Dagger" in 1946. Played Henchman in "Malaya" in 1949. Played Sailor in "Fortunes of Captain Blood" in 1950.
The cast of Il giardino dei Finzi Contini - 1970 includes: Michael Berger Helmut Berger as Alberto Martin Bormann as Himself - Behind Hitler on Balcony Cinzia Bruno as Young Micol Lino Capolicchio as Giorgio Raffaele Curi as Ernesto Gianpaolo Duregon Marcella Gentile Ettore Geri Rudolf Hess as Himself - Hitler Is Germany Speech Adolf Hitler as Himself - Acknowledges Hess Benito Mussolini as Himself - Watches Parade Enzo Nigro as Agente OVRA Eugene Pomeroy Joshua Sinclair Julius Streicher as Himself - Sits Beside Hitler, Partially Visible Fabio Testi as Bruno Malnate Katina Viglietti as Olga Finzi-Contini
The most well known example is how Hitler burned books that contained any information relevant to the Jews. His plan to eradicate the Jews was fuelled by his jealousy of the flourishing Jewish community. Hitler banned anything actually that would promote views on the Jews.
Hitler and Mussolini were able to gain political power because of political/economic problems. After WW1 Germany had to pay reparations for starting the war. France invaded a big industrial center of Germany. German workers went on strike and the government gave them money but created more marks(German $) in circulation causing inflation. In 1914 4.2 German marks = $1 in 1923 4.2 trillion marks = $1 Unemployment was also high and at one point 40% of German workforce did not have a job. Many turned to radical groups like the Nazis. In Italy inflation and unemplyoment played a role as well. There was a fear of Communism rising to power in Italy. Mussolini was able to create a police(OVRA) that was able to keep Italy from falling into Communism. and Hitler appealed to the peoples sense of pride through slick speeches . he made groups such as the Hitler youth and he promised changr