When chlorine is not chemically bonded to another element, it takes the form of a poisonous green gas (which was used as a weapon during WW I, although it was found not to be poisonous enough, and other, even more poisonous gases were developed). When chlorine is in a chemical compound the result is often a type of salt, including the most familiar type, table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl). Pesticides such as DDT are organic molecules which contain chlorine. The extremely dangerous herbicide, dioxin, is a compound of chlorine and oxygen. It is one of the most toxic substances known. So, lots of different compounds can be made with chlorine.
A chlorine radical is simply Cl. with no charge but free electrons wanting to bond. A Cl atom basically. A chlorine molecule is Cl2 (two atoms bonded covalently). A chloride ion is Cl-. Many people confuse an ion with a radical. They are not the same.
You need to shock the pool. The difference between Total Chlorine and Free Chlorine is tied up and it will be cleared by shocking. Thatis the purpose of shocking.
No, chlorine typically exists as a diatomic molecule at room temperature. Monatomic chlorine is a free radical and is very reactive. Thus, chlorine atoms in elemental chlorine are almost always bonded to one another under typical conditions.
Chlorine levels should be between 1-5 ppm
When chlorine enters the water, it is in a form that is an active sanitizer and an oxidizer called "free chlorine". It will react with any number of contaminants in the water. When it reacts with ammonia compounds in the water, which come from bathers' perspiration and urine, it becomes "combined chlorine". In this form, chlorine is a much slower sanitizer. This form also causes chlorine odor and eye irritation. When using the 5-way strip, the difference between the free chlorine reading (pad 1) and the total chlorine reading (pad 2) is the combined chlorine reading.
A chlorine radical is simply Cl. with no charge but free electrons wanting to bond. A Cl atom basically. A chlorine molecule is Cl2 (two atoms bonded covalently). A chloride ion is Cl-. Many people confuse an ion with a radical. They are not the same.
You need to shock the pool. The difference between Total Chlorine and Free Chlorine is tied up and it will be cleared by shocking. Thatis the purpose of shocking.
Because sodium and chlorine are strongly bonded without free electrons in the lattice.
No, chlorine typically exists as a diatomic molecule at room temperature. Monatomic chlorine is a free radical and is very reactive. Thus, chlorine atoms in elemental chlorine are almost always bonded to one another under typical conditions.
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Total Chlorine = Free Chlorine + Combined Chlorineor, put another wayTotal Chlorine - Free Chlorine = Combined ChlorineFree Chlorine is the chlorine that is doing its job.Combined Chlorine is the chlorine that has combined with contaminants such as nitrogen. It is ineffective as a sanitizer and it is noxious.Total Chlorine is the total of these two levels.To eliminate the Combined Chlorine (making all the chlorine in the pool Free Chlorine) you must shock the pool to remove the contaminants. You must reach "Breakpoint Chlorination", which is the addition of chlorine to your pool equivalent to the Combined Chlorine level times 10.example:Total Chlorine = 1.5ppmFree Chlorine = 1.0ppmSo, the Combined Chlorine (the difference between the two tests) is .5ppmBreakpoint chlorination, in this example would be .5ppm X 10 = 5ppm. So, in this example, you would add enough chlorine to your pool to raise the chlorine level up by 5 parts per million.
Total Chlorine = Free Chlorine + Combined Chlorineor, put another wayTotal Chlorine - Free Chlorine = Combined ChlorineFree Chlorine is the chlorine that is doing its job.Combined Chlorine is the chlorine that has combined with contaminants such as nitrogen. It is ineffective as a sanitizer and it is noxious.Total Chlorine is the total of these two levels.To eliminate the Combined Chlorine (making all the chlorine in the pool Free Chlorine) you must shock the pool to remove the contaminants. You must reach "Breakpoint Chlorination", which is the addition of chlorine to your pool equivalent to the Combined Chlorine level times 10.example:Total Chlorine = 1.5ppmFree Chlorine = 1.0ppmSo, the Combined Chlorine (the difference between the two tests) is .5ppmBreakpoint chlorination, in this example would be .5ppm X 10 = 5ppm. So, in this example, you would add enough chlorine to your pool to raise the chlorine level up by 5 parts per million.
Chlorine levels should be between 1-5 ppm
When chlorine enters the water, it is in a form that is an active sanitizer and an oxidizer called "free chlorine". It will react with any number of contaminants in the water. When it reacts with ammonia compounds in the water, which come from bathers' perspiration and urine, it becomes "combined chlorine". In this form, chlorine is a much slower sanitizer. This form also causes chlorine odor and eye irritation. When using the 5-way strip, the difference between the free chlorine reading (pad 1) and the total chlorine reading (pad 2) is the combined chlorine reading.
Free Chlorine is the Chlorine which is free to do its work in the pool, as opposed to Combined Chlorine which is chlorine that has combined with contaminants and is tied up and ineffective as a sanitizer in the pool. Sometimes you will see it abbreviated as FAC, which stands for Free Available Chlorine.
Combined chlorine is when the chlorine molecule has attached itself to other molecules in water. In other words it has "combined" with something else in the water. Those could be iron, manganese, ammonia or other things depending on the source water. Free chlorine is the molecules that are "free" in the water to do the disinfection.
All the free ions are bonded