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What is a file system?

File systems are the structures behind how your computer stores and organizes data. Everything you install, save, edit or create on your computer comprises the trillions of bits of data a file system stores, organizes and allows access to on a daily basis for computer users. Hard drives, CD-Roms, DVD-Roms and servers are all types of file systems that allow you access to data.

File systems do not necessarily need a physical way to organize data. While most people are familiar with the file systems on their hard drive, virtual file systems exists to organize information on servers and the world wide web as well. Most file systems are organized in sections of 512 bytes where the file system software organizes, categorizes and makes available data in each of those sectors. Software will know at any given time where a particular data node is stored and how to access it instantly.

All file systems sort information into some sort of directory for easy access. Some systems create very detailed structures where others keep files in an organized disarray. Depending on the type of file system software you are running, navigating the nodes of information can be easy or difficult for the average computer user. The average computer user relies on their operating system to take care of the file system for them, and in most cases, this is all that is necessary for the computer user. More advanced user may find the organization of their data to benefit from a different type of file system all together.

Most file systems can create, move and delete files and directories similar to how you would delete a whole folder in Windows XP. You can simply drag and drop the folder into the trash can, and it is gone. In MS-DOS, you use a sequence of commands to eliminate a folder from the system. Other UNIX-based file system structures allow you further abilities to modify data without diving into the advanced realm of computing. You can also limit who has access to what functions, such as creating or editing files, via file system software within the confines of your operating system.

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14y ago
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13y ago

The file system is basically a reference area of the hard-drive that stores the location of each document and program on the disk. It's there to tell the computers operating system where to locate each file when it's needed.

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11y ago

The same role as in any other operating system: A system used to organize and describe to the operating system how to find, read, and store data on a disk.

Linux also deploys pseudo file systems, which are often used less as straight up file storage and more as a way to expose system abstractions to the user, such as in /proc and /sys.

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Q: What is the purpose of a file system in a computer?
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