The best insulation to use is spray foam, although it is an expensive option. Another option that is less expensive is 1" rigid foam board. Both of these options eliminate the need for tar paper or a vapour barrier as they are self-sealing applications. Avoid using batt insulation w/vapor barrier in basement applications as condensation may occur which will encourage mould growth.
Concrete
What kind? Friable Asbestos? Yes. Non-friable Asbestos? Not so much, but still not great. Vermiculite? It may or may not contain asbestos. Fiberglass? Mice love it, and it can make dust, and it only really insulates if it's completely encapsulated by wall, stopping air movement. Foam? It's combustible, and current thinking is that it should be covered by a 15 minute smoke barrier. (If there's a fire, you have 15 minutes to get out before it produces toxic smoke.) There are expensive paints that can do this, or you can cover it with sheetrock.
Straw (the leftover stems of the wheat or other cereal grain after the grain is harvested) is not a particularly good insulation for a building. The idea of insulation is to create trapped air spaces, preferably lots of them. Since straw does not usually pack very well (except in a baler), it's difficult to force it to create the kind of trapped air that fiberglass batts, for example, will make. It's better than nothing, but not much. It also MUST be treated with a fireproofing chemical.
Tile is your best option.
Yes
Concrete
When looking to insulate the basement you must first get enough cemete to cover the walls. Then you must from the basement then fill the frame with cement.
The best kind of insulation for a wall will depend on if it is an outside or inside wall and what room it will be for. The roll or blanket insulation made of fiberglass will be good enough for most do it yourself jobs.
Our home is extremely cold in the winter. What type of foam insulation would be best to use in the attic?
The best kind of flooring for your basement would be a simple cement flooring. This is because any other material will have a lot of water damage.
Carpet tiles are the best kind of carpet covering for your basement floor. The main reason they are better is because they can be replaced easily in sections if water or mold becomes a problem.
INSULATION
You cannot "defeat" a tornado of any kind. All you can do is take cover to ensure your safety. The best place to be is in a basement or cellar.
If you do not have central heat ( i.e. a furnace), then you need to have a space heater of some kind. If you did not have a chimney, you could get a kerosene stove or an electric heater. If you have access to the attic, you may be able to add insulation. Insulation may also sometimes be blown in between the walls. If you do not have storm windows. you can stretch plastic over the outside.
a mushroom
There is more than one kind of insulation, the main types being thermal and electrical. Fiber glass is commonly used for thermal insulation, and rubber is a good electrical insulator.
Uh, do you mean how much does it cost to insulate a Belgian roof? Or is there some special insulation that comes with Strawberries and Whipped Cream? Furthermore, what kind of insulation?