There several that come to mind since this is a very large subject: Galileo, who said that the sun was the center of the solar system. Another is Steven Hawking who is still trying to find a Theory of Everything but he did predict the existences of Black Holes and Warm Holes.
Cosmologist.
I know one of the newer theories is called , intelligent design.
He was a physicist and developed theories that explain the world around us.
No. We have some theories that explain important aspects about how the Universe began. The current theories and understandings that we have get to fractions of second after the beginning, but we still have not gotten to the beginning yet. As to any purpose of the universe, science has not attempted to even discern such a thing.
Because it is one of many theories that have attempted to explain the formation and existence of the universe; no-one can truly know how the universe reached its current state.
While there are many theories introduced to explain the cosmology of the universe, the consideration of newly introduce theories related to the Big Bang Theory is a very subjective. Perhaps this has something to do with what has been taught in a classroom setting.
Theories never become laws. Theories explain facts and scientific observations; laws describe the behavior of an object in nature. A scientific law explains what will happen, but it doesn't explain why. Theories explain why.
Bering Land Bridge Theory: This theory suggests that people migrated from Asia to North America by crossing a land bridge that connected Siberia and Alaska during the last Ice Age. Coastal Migration Theory: According to this theory, early humans traveled along the Pacific coast by boat, following the shoreline to reach the Americas. Solutrean Hypothesis: This hypothesis proposes that people from Europe crossed the Atlantic Ocean via boats along the northern ice edge to reach North America. However, this theory is controversial and not widely accepted by the scientific community.
Evolution is a process, theories of evolution are theories which explain that process
accidentallyIt was not anticipated and no theory predicted it. Once discovered theories had to be developed to explain the new phenomena observed.
This is a scientific law. Theories explain (or attempt to explain) laws.
Science is a group of theories and laws which help explain the universe we live in and things around us. Many theories and laws have been improved and changed over time. eg. the theory of the atom has been improved by John Dalton, Rutherford and Chadwick.