What are the salient features of 1962 constitution of Pakistan?

Answer 1

Salient Features of 1962 Constitution.

1) Written Constitution The Constitution of 1962 was a written document. It consisted of five schedules and 250 articles.

2) Rigid Constitution This is a rigid constitution. This is a rigid constitution can only be amended through a particular process. If an amendment to the constitution is passed by at least two-third majority of the parliament then it becomes a part of law after authentication by the President.

3) Federal System A federal system was introduced in the country. It consisted of a central government and two provincial government comprising East and West Pakistan.

4) Presidential forum of Government President was the head Executive of the nation. He was empowered to nominate the ministers of his cabinet.

5) Unicameral Legislature

6) Indirect Method of Election The President was elected by an Electoral College comprising 80,000 Basic Democrats, equally distributed between the two provinces.

7) Provincial Governments There were two provincial governments. Each of them was headed by a governor. He enjoyed powers in the province which the President enjoyed in the center. The Governor was empowered to appoint provincial ministers with the sanction of the President of Pakistan.

8) Provincial Legislature Each province was provided with a legislature. It originally consisted of 150 members. However, later on this number was increased to 218.

9) Powers of President According to the 1962 Constitution the President should be a Muslim with the term of 5 years. He was eligible to promulgate Ordinances and veto against legislated laws only override-able by two/thirds of the National Assembly. However, the President was not empowered to dissolve the Assembly except the cost of his office also.

10) Restrictions to the President The President was not allowed to hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan but was not prevented from holding a managing private property.

11) Islamic Law No Law would be passed against the teaching of Quran and Sunnah and the existing laws would be made Islamic in character.

12) Fundamental Rights The constitution of 1962 laid down fundamental rights of speech and expression, freedom to choose profession and freedom to profess religion. With Regards to civil rights, familiar right such as the rights of life, livery and property were granted.

13) Role of Judiciary The Judiciary was responsible for the interpretation of laws and executive orders in the light of the principles embodied in a written constitution.

14) Language Urdu and Bengali were recognized as National Languages.

Answer 2

ISLAMIC PROVISIONS OF 1973 CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN:

• Sovereignty Of Allah Almighty: The Preamble of the Constitution was framed on the basis of the Objectives Resolution. The Preamble opens with "Bismillah-hirRahman-nir Raheem" and continues with these words:

"Whereas sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone, & the authority to be exercised by the people of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him,is a sacred trust..."

§ The name 'Islamic Republic of Pakistan' is selected for the state of Pakistan.

§ Islam is declared as the state religion of Pakistan.

§ Steps shall be taken to enable the Muslims of Pakistan, individually or collectively, to order their lives in accordance with the fundamental principles and basic concepts of Islam.

§ Steps shall be taken to make the teaching of the Qur'an and Islamiyat compulsory, to encourage and facilitate the learning of Arabiclanguage and to secure correct and exact printing and publishing of the Qur'an.

§ Proper organisation of Zakat, waqf and mosques is ensured.

§ The state shall prevent prostitution, gambling and consumption of alcohol, printing, publication, circulation and display of obscene literatureand advertisements.

§ Only a Muslim could be qualified for election as President (male or female) and Prime Minister (male or female). No restriction as to religion or gender on any other post, up to and including provincial governor and Chief Minister.

§ All existing laws shall be brought in conformity with the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Qur'an and Sunnah and no law shall be enacted which is repugnant to such injunctions.

§ A Council of Islamic Ideology shall be constituted referred to as the Islamic Council. The functions of the Islamic Council shall be to make recommendations to Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies about the ways and means of enabling and encouraging the Muslims of the Pakistan to order their lives in accordance with the principles of Islam.

§ The President or the Governor of a province may, or if two-fifths of its total membership so requires, a House or a Provincial Assembly shall, refer to the Islamic Council for advice on any question as to whether a proposed law is or is not repugnant to the injunctions of Islam.

§ For the first time, the Constitution of Pakistan gave definition of a Muslim which states: 'Muslim' means a person who believes in the unity and oneness of Allah, in the absolute and unqualified finality of the Prophethood of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, and does not believe in, or recognise as a prophet or religious reformer, any person who claimed or claims to be a prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description whatsoever, after Muhammad.

§ The state shall endeavor to strengthen the bonds of unity among Muslim countries.

§ The Second Amendment (wef 17 September 1974) of the 1973 Constitution declared for the first time the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community(Qadianis) or the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam (Lahoris) as non-Muslims, and their leader, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who had styled himself as a so-called prophet of Islam, as a fraudster and imposter Nabi.[6]

Answer 3

1.objective resolution was added in preamble of constitution.

2.The name of the country was kept Islamic republic of Pakistan and Islam became

the official religion of Pakistan.

3.The definition of Muslim was added in constitution and it was said

that"everyone who believe in Allah and believe in Holy Prophet

Muhammad(P.B.U.H) as the last prophet of Allah is Muslim.

4. Objective resolution was added as preamble of constitution and it was said the

all the powers belongs to Allah and the power given to people of Pakistan at

entire territory is a scared trust.

5.parliamentary system of government was implemented in government.

6.Prime minister was the most powerful personality of country while the president was given only limited authorities.