This is a complicated question with a complicated answer. From www.lupus.org:
The History Of Lupus Erythematosus
Marc C. Hochberg, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
A selection from the Lupus Foundation of America Newsletter Article Library
LFA Patient Education Committee
Approved
93-102
The history of lupus erythematosus (LE) has been reviewed in both of the major textbooks on this disease [1,2] and was the subject of an article in this journal in 1983.[3] This article concentrates on developments in the present century which have logarithmically expanded our knowledge about the pathophysiology, clinical-laboratory features, and treatment of this disorder.
The history of lupus can be divided into three periods: the classical period which saw the description of the cutaneous disorder, the neoclassical period which saw the description of the systemic or disseminated manifestations of lupus, and the modern period which was heralded by the discovery of the LE cell in 1948 and is characterized by the scientific advances noted above.
Classical Period
The history of lupus during the classical period was reviewed by Smith and Cyr in 1988.[4] Of note are the derivation of the term lupus and the clinical descriptions of the cutaneous lesions of lupus vulgaris, lupus profundus, discoid lupus, and the photosensitive nature of the malar or butterfly rash. The term lupus (Latin for wolf) is attributed to the thirteenth century physician Rogerius who used it to describe erosive facial lesions that were reminiscent of a wolf's bite.[1,3] Classical descriptions of the various dermatologic features of lupus were made by:
The lesions now referred to as discoid lupus were described in 1833 by Cazenave under the term erythema centrifugum, while the butterfly distribution of the facial rash was noted by von Hebra in 1846. The first published illustrations of lupus erythematosus were included in von Hebra's text, Atlas of Skin Diseases, published in 1856.
Neoclassical Period
The Neoclassical era of the history of lupus began in 1872 when Kaposi first described the systemic nature of the disorder:
...experience has shown that lupus erythematosus ... may be attended by altogether more severe pathological changes.. and even dangerous constitutional symptoms may be intimately associated with the process in question, and that death may result from conditions which must be considered to arise from the local malady. [5]
Kaposi proposed that there were two types of lupus erythematosus; the discoid form and a disseminated form. Furthermore, he enumerated various symptoms and signs which characterized the disseminated form including:
The existence of a disseminated or systemic form of lupus was firmly established by the work of Osler in Baltimore [6] and Jadassohn in Vienna [7] in 1904. Over the next thirty years, pathologic studies documented the existence of nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis (Libman-Sacks disease) [8] and wire-loop lesions in patients with glomerulonephritis;[9] such observations at the autopsy table lead to the construct of collagen disease proposed by Kemperer and colleagues in 1941.[10] This terminology, collagen vascular disease, persists in usage now fifty years after its introduction.
Modern Period
The sentinel event in the mid 1900s which heralded the modern era was the discovery of the LE cell by Hargraves and colleagues in 1948.[11] The investigators observed these cells in the bone marrow of patients with acute disseminated lupus erythematosus and postulated that the cell
" ... is the result of ... phagocytosis of free nuclear material with a resulting round vacuole containing this partially digested and lysed nuclear material ..."
This discovery ushered in the present era of the application of immunology to the study of lupus erythematosus.
Two other immunologic markers were recognized in the 1950s as being associated with lupus:
Moore, working in Baltimore, demonstrated that systemic lupus developed in 7 percent of 148 subjects with chronic false-positive tests for syphilis and that a further 30 percent had symptoms consistent with collagen disease. [12] Friou applied the technique of indirect immunofluorescence to demonstrate the presence of antinuclear antibodies in the blood of patients with systemic lupus.[13] Subsequently, the recognition of antibodies to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)[14] and the description of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) (nuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP), Sm, Ro, La), and anticardiolipin antibodies; these autoantibodies are useful in describing clinical subsets and understanding the etiopathogenesis of lupus.
Two other major advances in the modern era have been the:
The first animal model of systemic lupus was the F1 hybrid New Zealand Black/New Zealand White mouse.[16] This murine (mouse) model has provided many insights into the immunopathogenesis of autoantibody formation, mechanisms of immunologic tolerance, the development of glomerulonephritis, the role of sex hormones in modulating the curse of disease, and evaluation of treatments including recently developed biologic agents such as anti-CD4 antibodies among others. Other animal models that have been used to study systemic lupus include the BXSB and MRL/lpr mice, and the naturally occurring syndrome of lupus in dogs.[17]
The familial occurrence of systemic lupus was first noted by Leonhardt in 1954 and later studies by Arnett and Shulman at Johns Hopkins.[18] Subsequently, familial aggregation of lupus, the concordance of lupus in monozygotic twin pairs, and the association of genetic markers with lupus have been described over the past twenty years.[19] Presently, molecular biology techniques are being applied to the study of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) Class II genes to determine specific amino acid sequences in these cell surface molecules that are involved in antigen presentation to T-helper cells in patients with lupus. These studies have already resulted in the identification of genetic-serologic subsets of systemic lupus that complement the clinico-serologic subsets noted earlier. It is hoped by investigators working in this field that these studies will lead to the identification of etiologic factors (e.g.,viral antigens/proteins) in systemic lupus.
History of Therapy for Lupus
Finally, no discussion of the history of lupus is complete without a review of the development of therapy. Payne, in 1894, first reported the usefulness of quinine in the treatment of lupus.[20] Four years later, the use of salicylates in conjunction with quinine was also noted to be of benefit.[21] It was not until the middle of the twentieth century that the treatment of systemic lupus was revolutionized by the discovery of the efficacy of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisone by Hench.[22]
Presently, corticosteroids are the primary therapy for almost all patients with systemic lupus. Antimalarials are used principally for patients with skin and joint involvement on the one hand and cytotoxic/immunosuppressive drugs are used for patients with glomerulonephritis, systemic vasculitis, and other severe life-threatening manifestations on the other.[23] Currently, newer biologic agents are being investigated in treating patients with lupus.
Thus, the history of lupus, although dating back at least to the Middle Ages, has experienced an explosion in this century, especially during the modern era over the past forty years. It is hoped that this growth of new knowledge will allow a better understanding of immunopathogenesis of the disease and the development of more effective treatments.
References
Lupus was never discovered. The term lupus (Latin for wolf) is attributed to the 13th-century physician Rogerius who used it to describe erosive skin lesions typical of the disease, that reminded him of a wolf's bite.
The term lupus (Latin for wolf) is attributed to the 13th-century physician Rogerius who used it to describe erosive skin lesions that are characteristic of the disease, and which reminded him of a wolf's bite.
The term lupus (Latin for wolf) is attributed to the 13th-century physician Rogerius who used it to describe facial lesions that were reminiscent of a wolf's bite (commonly now referred to as a "butterfly rash," because it tends to form a butterfly shape on the face across the nose and cheeks).
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Autoimmune diseases were not discovered until the 1950's. Henry G. Kunkel is the doctor who first discovered it by studying patients who had rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
Lupus has been around for hundreds and hundreds of years. It was not "discovere" but rather described in some quite ancient medical journals. No one knows the year or month or day that lupus was first described.
The term lupus (Latin for wolf) is attributed to the 13th-century physician Rogerius who used it to describe erosive skin lesions typical of the disease, that reminded him of a wolf's bite.
Hydroxychloroquine was approved by the FDA for the treatment of lupus in April of 1955.
How Is Lupus Diagnosed?There is no single test to diagnose lupus. It may take months or years for a doctor to diagnose lupus. Your doctor may use many tools to make a diagnosis: Medical historyComplete examBlood testsSkin biopsy (looking at skin samples under a microscopeKidney biopsy (looking at tissue from your kidney under a microscope
April 1955
Lupus was not ever discovered, it was recognized and named. The term lupus (Latin for wolf) is attributed to the 13th-century physician Rogerius who used it to describe erosive skin lesions typical of the disease, that reminded him of a wolf's bite. For more information on the history of lupus, click the link below to visit the LFA's history page. http://www.lupus.org/webmodules/webarticlesnet/templates/new_aboutintroduction.aspx?articleid=1520
Nephritis occurs in about 40-50% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. If a person does not have lupus in the first place, then they will not develop lupus nephritis. Lupus itself is not directly hereditary. People inherit just the right combination of genes to presdispose them to developing lupus, but something has to trigger the autoimmune reaction. In studies of genetically identical twins lupus develops in both twins only 30% of the time, thereby demonstrating that lupus is not totally inherited.
canis lupus canis lupus
The 13th century Roman physician, Rogerius Frugardi, was the first to describe the characteristic malar rash that many lupus patients display. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/562713_2
Lupus is not caused by a pathogen. Lupus is not contagious.
No, The First Metal To Be Discovered Was GOLD. No, The First Metal To Be Discovered Was GOLD.