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Beginning in 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt's adminstration used the federal courts and the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) to break up "trusts" (cartels, monopolies) that Roosevelt believed were acting against the interests of the people and the country. Up until that time, the "restraint of trade" facet of the Act was used against labor unions.
The first success was against J.P. Morgan's Northern Securities Company, which monopolized rail freight traffic in the US by its anti-competitive practices. There were other trusts that Roosevelt saw as primarily benefitting a few wealthy directors at the expense of the economy, and he moved against them as well.
He soon became known as the "Trust Buster" although he thought some monopolies were in the public interest, and opposed their breakup. (This was one thing that led to his decision in 1912 to run for President again against his successor, William Howard Taft.)
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