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Alpha particles have a mass of about 4 and a charge of +2, while beta particles have a mass of about 5x10-4 and a charge of -1. As such, the alpha particle interacts much more easily than the beta particle, and spends its energy more quickly.

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Q: Why are alpha particle tracks observed in a cloud chamber much shorter than beta particle tracks though they emerge from a radioactive sample with almost the same speed?
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Can a cloud chamber be used to detect radioactivity?

Yes. A cloud chamber can detect alpha and beta particles that emanate from various radioactive decay processes. This works because the cloud chamber is a sealed environment containing a supersaturated vapor of water or alcohol, and when ionizing radiation enters the chamber, the charged particles interact with the vapor, forming a mist (cloud), which is actually just a condensation trail. You can identify alpha or beta by looking at the thickness and length of the trail, alpha being thicker and shorter than beta, and you can identify charge by applying a magnetic field across the chamber, causing plus charges to curve one way and minus charges to curve the other way.


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