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Hydrogen bombs are called "dirty" bombs because, in the final stage of detonation, they fission1 a lot of uranium, releasing its binding energy. This results in a lot of mixed fission byproducts that contaminate the environment.

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1The detonation sequence is fission of the primary, uranium or plutonium, which initiates fusion, hydrogen, producing an enormous amount of neutrons along with radiation, followed by fission of the secondary or secondaries, uranium. For more information on the Teller-Ulam design, see the Related Link below.

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Q: Why are hydrogen bombs called dirty bombs?
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