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Compression or tension, the top chord will always experience compression and the bottom chord will always experience tension. The other members can experience either.
multiply the diameter of the bar by 40 its a thumb rule for compression member and for tension member it could be 70 *diameter of the bar calculation is shown in code book
its nothing its a simple reduntant compression/ tension member which even can be horizontal depending on the type of load....sometimes it has footing and sometimes it doesn't depending on the length of the column.
its nothing its a simple reduntant compression/ tension member which even can be horizontal depending on the type of load....sometimes it has footing and sometimes it doesn't depending on the length of the column.
There are two main loading conditions that concrete under goes. These are Compression and Tension. Concrete is very strong in compression and is very weak in Tension (pulling apart). Concrete has so little strength to resist tension it is assumed to have no strength in tension. When civil engineers design concrete structures they can determine where the tension and compression will be located. Steel is added to give the concrete tensile strength. For Example a concrete beam when loaded from the top will experience compression on top section of the beam. The top portion of the beam will push inwards creating compression while the bottom section will pull apart creating tension. (Imagine a smile shape). :) Therefore reinforcement will be needed in the tension area (bottom).
The Tension Capable Bearing can accommodate structure vertical loads that vary from compression to tension during seismic movements. This bearing can substantially reduce structural framing costs by preventing uplift of a primary structural member, and can eliminate concerns regarding potential structure overturning or large vertical earthquake motions
column
The pratt truss is efficient because the longer diagonal members are in tension and the shorter vertical members are in compression. Members in tension fail because the member is stressed to materials maximum stress capacity. Members in compression usually fail through buckling because of instability long before the materials maximum stress is reached.
we always design as per least radius of gyration rxx bcz for minimum capacity will be get in this axis. and design procedure is same as per IS 800:2007
stacture beam............
it was not very effective.
it was not very effective.