The space shuttle was developed because the weight of satellites or payload required huge rockets. The shuttle main claim to fame is that it was also reusable. The only thing that is not recovered after launch is the liquid hydrogen fuel tank. The solid rockets on either side of the hydrogen tank burn out, separate, then fall to Earth. After the solid rocket separation the shuttles main engines continue to fire to get into orbit. When the fuel tank is separated it burns up in the atmosphere.
Canada has never sent a Space Shuttle into space.
Space Shuttle Discovery.
The space shuttle Discovery has flown the most times of all the space shuttle orbiters.
The last Space Shuttle to go into space and to the Space Station was Endeavour
atlantis
Columbia was the first space shuttle sent into space on April 12, 1981, exactly 20 years to the day after Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space.
Columbia
US
There was no space shuttle that landed on mars but there were unmanned rockets that went to mars that sent probes
Shuttle STS 127
India has no space shuttles.
Columbia was the first shuttle in to orbit on April 13, 1981