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Pap Smear

The Papanicolaou test (also called Pap smear, Pap test, cervical smear, or smear test) was invented by Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou. He was a Greek pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection. The PAP test is a screening test to detect possible pre-cancerous and cancerous cells of the endo-cervical canal. A plastic a speculum is used to open the vaginal canal, and an applicator is used to very gently collect cells from the end of the cervix. Special stains are added to the specimen, which is sent to a lab for processing. Cervical cancers are typically caused by sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses (HPV) which most females contract soon after first becoming sexually active. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and other experts recommend starting screening at age 21 (or between ages 20 to 60, and definitely while sexually active. The test is not painful, though it can be temporarily uncomfortable.

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A pap smear is used to diagnose?

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A Pap smear, also known as a Pap test or cervical cytology, is not used to diagnose a specific disease but rather to screen for abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix. The primary purpose of a Pap smear is the early detection of precancerous or cancerous cells in the cervix, specifically related to cervical cancer.

During a Pap smear:

Cell Collection: A healthcare provider collects a sample of cells from the cervix using a small brush or spatula.

Laboratory Analysis: The collected cells are then sent to a laboratory, where they are examined under a microscope to identify any abnormalities.

Detection of Abnormalities: The Pap smear is designed to detect changes in the cervical cells that may indicate the presence of precancerous or cancerous conditions. This includes changes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a major risk factor for cervical cancer.

Screening and Early Detection: The primary goal of a Pap smear is to screen for abnormalities in the cervix early on, allowing for timely intervention and treatment before the condition progresses to cancer.

It's important to note that a Pap smear is a screening tool and not a definitive diagnostic test. If abnormalities are detected, further diagnostic procedures such as colposcopy or biopsy may be recommended to confirm the presence of cervical abnormalities or cancer.

Regular Pap smears are a crucial component of cervical cancer prevention, providing an opportunity for early detection and intervention. The frequency of Pap smears may vary based on factors such as age, risk factors, and previous results, and individuals should follow their healthcare provider's recommendations for cervical cancer screening.

What can a doctor find in a pap smear?

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A Pap smear, also known as a Pap test or cervical cytology, is a screening procedure used to detect abnormal cells on the cervix, which could indicate cervical cancer or precancerous conditions. During a Pap smear, a healthcare provider collects a small sample of cells from the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. Here's what a doctor can find in a Pap smear:

Normal Cells:

A normal Pap smear result indicates that no abnormal cells are detected on the cervix. This is a reassuring finding.

Abnormal Cells:

Abnormal cells may be classified into different categories based on their appearance, such as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), atypical squamous cells—cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). These classifications help guide further evaluation and management.

Infection or Inflammation:

In some cases, the Pap smear may reveal signs of infection or inflammation in the cervical cells. This could be due to conditions such as yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis.

Presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV):

Some Pap smear results may include information about the presence of high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly if the sample was tested for HPV at the same time. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is a major risk factor for cervical cancer.

Dysplasia or Precancerous Changes:

The Pap smear may detect dysplasia, which refers to abnormal changes in the cells that may progress to cancer if left untreated. Dysplasia is often classified as low-grade or high-grade, depending on the severity of the changes.

It's important to note that a Pap smear is a screening test, not a diagnostic test. If abnormal cells are detected, further diagnostic procedures such as colposcopy or biopsy may be recommended to determine the extent of the abnormalities and guide appropriate treatment.

How long should you cramp after a pap smear it's been 6 days and I'm still cramping badly no blood but a lot of cramping?

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It's not normal to have cramping six days after a pap smear, and you should contact your health care provider.

Advantage of direct unstained smear?

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secret =p

Does abnormal paps always mean hiv?

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Abnormal paps almost never mean HIV. While women with HIV are more likely to have abnormal pap smears, most women with abnormal pap smears do not have HIV.

What are the advantages of having a smear test?

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A pap smear can detect cervical cancer or precancerous changes on the cervix early. Early treatment is much easier and has a better success rate than if a condition is not detected until late.

Is spotting normal while preg after a pap smear?

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Yes, I've had it happen to me when I was pregnant. Please note it should just be spotting nothing heavy and should only last a day or two. Hope this helps and good luck.

Is it normal to have burning after a pap smear?

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No, it's not normal to have burning after a pap smear. Talk with your health care provider to determine what sort of follow-up is needed.

Can pap smear cause spotting in early pregnancy?

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A small amount of spotting will not interfere with the pap results, while heavier bleeding may. Ask your health care provider for advice specific to your situation.

Can a pap smear break your hymen?

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i just had my first pap, at 22 years old. i was worried about my hymen breaking but even though the pap was uncomfortable, my gyno said my hymen is still there. be sure to tell your gyno so they can use a smaller speculum--mine switched once she realized my hymen wasn't torn.
Well you dont break it the doctor does. Sometimes he just stretches it.

What can happen if someone fails to get a pap smear done?

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If you don't get regular pap smear screening, it's possible that an abnormal condition could develop on the cervix without you knowing. Progression of an abnormality could make treatment more complicated.

What part of the uterus is a pap smear peformed on?

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A pap smear is normally taken from the cervix, the end of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina.

Can cervical cancer go undetected in a pap smear test?

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Cervical cancer should show up on your pap results of your most recent pap immediately. In some cases a pap may come back abnormal. Depending on the classification of your abnormal pap, doctors may perform a biopsy to make sure the cells aren't cancerous, "cervical cancer". Based on those results the doctor may just go ahead and decide to do treatment.

Does Medicare pay for an annual pap smear exam?

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Medicare pays for pap smears at the recommended frequency. Most women do not need pap smears annually. If you do require an annual pap due to your medical history, Medicare will pay.

Are pap smears painful after you get older?

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Yes they are. The last 2 I have had have been very painful. I am 57 years old.

Can a dr tell if you are pregnant by a pap smear exam?

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Normally urine test is common practice to know pregnancy not so early.

at least 20 to 30 days needed that is after missing period.

Pelvic examination may not be the best method. BUT self

can under stand the situation with her severe abdominal pain

after formation of zygote

How long should you wait to get another pap smear if it comes back abnormal?

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Recommendations for testing after an abnormal pap smear depend on the exact pap result, the patient's age, and her medical history. You may be advised to repeat the pap smear anywhere from six months to three years later. Contact your health care provider for advice specific to your situation.

Does an abnormal pap smear mean you have hiv?

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no they do not, they only test for cervical cancer
No. Most HIV methods of testing are through blood tests. An HIV test doesn't actual determine if you are carrying HIV, but it tests if your blood is carrying a specific anti-body that reacts to HIV. Therefore, even if you have HIV, a test will be negative until your body produces the anti-body that will make a test react positive. In most cases, anti-bodies for HIV will develop in a person within 3 months of being exposed to HIV.

Newer forms of HIV rapid testing can be done using saliva (technically not saliva, but oral fluid released from the mucosal surface of the cheek), and also test for antibodies in the oral fluid. They are less sensitive than blood testing, but still very useful in many settings.

Pap smears test for abnormalities in cells, and not specifically for HIV anti-bodies. It is my understanding that this test is an "indicator test" only. Meaning, further tests must be done to determine if cancer is present (as well as if HIV is present).
No, it is not designed to detect HIV. If you are concerned, you should get tested specifically for HIV.
No, HIV will not show up on a PAP test.

A Negative pap smear test means good right?

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It means that the test that is done to check for changes in the cells of the cervix (that can mean disease or pre-cancer cells are present) didn't find anything to be concerned about (it was normal). A positive pap smear would mean that they found something to have the doctor follow up and do more tests.

What is Pap stand for in Pap Smear?

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A sample that is taken out of the cervix by your health care professional (doctor) when you reach a certain age (typically when you are sexually active), to ensure that there is nothing wrong in that area eg. cervical cancer, sti's...

What do reactive changes mean in a pap smear?

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Mild acute inflammation on a pap smear, by itself, is not a cause for concern. Talk with your health care provider about whether additional testing for infection is required in your situation.