Using a box that is hire voltage than what you need can cause a short, and even a fire. So using a 240V box, when all you need is a 110v receptacle, wouldn't be a good idea.
There are no adptors to plug a 240v plug into a 120v receptacle. 240v requires two hot wores and a neutral and ground. 120v requires one hot wire, a neutral and a ground. If you have something that runs on 240/120 you need the cord and adaptor that came with the equipment as you willl need the wires to mate up accordingly.
Yes, you need a transformer
Check your laptops power adapter to see if it will handle both 240v(UK) and 110v(US) if it can handle 240v (which I believe most can) then all you need is a UK plug adapter.
Buy a new receptacle that your plug fits in. You probably need one with a neutral so look for 125/240v.
You need a dedicated circuit for that. You cannot power a 220V device off 110V.
The new receptacle has to be a GFCI receptacle. Try and locate the inside junction box on the outside of the house. The back of the old receptacle should have a 1/2 inch knockout in it. Remove it. Drill through the KO hole right through the siding to the outside. This will be the center of the new outside GFCI receptacle's junction box. Cut a new EZ box into the outside siding. Feed new wire 2C-#14 from the old box to the new box. Terminate both ends and replace covers. The new outside receptacle will need a weatherproof receptacle cover plate.
You can't. I'm not sure exactly what you're trying to do, but the way it is written is not possible. It seems you might want to use half of a duplex receptacle for 120 and half for 240. This would not be code compliant, nor would it make sense. A plug designed for 240v will not even fit into a 120v receptacle. You need a 240 volt receptacle rated for the amperage you will need. Also, an existing 120v receptacle has nothing to do with your 240v receptacle. For a 240 volt receptacle, you'll need to run 2 new 120v lines (in the same cable). The existing 120v circuit cannot be used here, even if you added another 120v circuit, because when a load uses 240v, both 120v circuits supplying the 240v must be controlled by a common disconnect (a 2 pole breaker designed for 240v circuit). My advice would be to show an electrician what you want done. I'm sure they can tell you how to make that happen.
You need a step-up transformer, to go from 110 to 220-240 volts. Then a 110 volt supply can operate 240 volt equipment.
A European hairdryer operates on 230V. US power is 110V. The hairdryer will need a high power converter that will be fairly expensive. (110V input to 240V output rated at about 800W) It will be less expensive to buy a new one at Walmart when you get to the US than it will be to buy a converter for the European one.
No. The black is 220, the red is 220, and the ground serves as the neutral. the last answer "no" is correct but the reason is not. the ground is still a ground. the red is 110v and the black is 110v. together they are 220v. the neutral or (common) is for a 110v return. for example a stove or a dryer will have 2 hots a common and a ground because they use 220v and 110v. 220v to power the heating elements and 110 for the controls, light bulbs or the outlet on a stove. A construction heater only uses 220v and only requires the two hots and the ground for safety.
This is not a cut and dry answer as it depends on the application. 240v only needs two wires to operate with a green (ground) for safety. Single phase (residential) 240 wires are generally black and red (or a red tracer), but the National Electric Code does not stipulate the colors (as long as they are not green or white). Three phase colors are generally black, red, and blue and also require a green ground (as does EVERY electrical application). The white wire is a grounded conductor. It is only used in 110v applications. For 240v home appliances such as ranges or dryers, 110v is required for the controls so the cable would contain a green (or bare) ground, a white (for the 110v, and a black and red for the 240v. Things like water heaters that don't require control voltage don't need the white wire. Pinky
No, it can be set flush with the wall. Just remember that the cord end is a 90 degree plug and leave room if the receptacle is close to the floor.