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The piece of wood that goes in between the floor and wall is called a baseboard.
there is a vinyl strip called a TUB STRIP probably the Home depot or a carpet installation supply store, think yellow pages!
A thin narrow strip of wood is either a lath or a slat.
A laminate wood floor product is better since it uses less actual wood that an all wood floor does.
Wood is an organic material that has some "give" as well as usually constructed on a wood frame that allows air pockets below that give more "give". Concrete (aka cement) flooring is essentially falling into a rock wall
There are wood floors in semi trailers too. They come that way so you can secure pallets to the floor of the trailer by nailing them down. On the wall of every semi trailer there's a sign: "Be sure to sweep the floor of this trailer and pull all the nails out of the floor after unloading it."
In construction, a joist is a horizontal piece that runs from wall to wall, wall to beam or beam to beam. A joist is essentially considered to be one of the most supporting pieces towards the structural aspect. It focuses in on supporting beams and other pieces in the floor, ceiling and roof.
Carpet is generaly considered to be machine made, functional flooring, wide width, and installed wall to wall Rugs are either machine made or handmade, free laying, and decorative over a functional floor like a carpet or wood floor.
If it's hard and there is a lot of it, it's easiest to rent an industrial floor sander. Home Depot rents these, as do many rental stores. Get one and save a lot of backache. -But wear a mask and goggles when you do it !
wood
Do you mean the base board? It is better if you can remove the base board then reattach on top of the new floor. It will give you the best look. If you butt the new wood up against the base boards you may have end cuts or little mistakes around the edges of the room that you will need to cover anyway. If you can not remove the base board you will probably have to add a strip of quarter round on top of the new floor and nailed to the original base board so that you have a finished look.
Wood costs less.