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If an acceptor atom is placed in a pure semiconductor, it will accept one or more electrons from the valence band of the semiconductor. This will permit positive holes in the conduction band to carry electrical current - the overall result is that the material will behave as a p-type semiconductor.
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What atom is used as dopant in an n-type semiconductor?
Phosphorus. (And Boron for p-type)
How are P and N type semiconductors formed?
FORMATION OF P-TYPE SEMI CONDUCTOR A P - type semiconductor is formed when a small amount of trivalent impurity is added to pure Germenium or silicon atom crystal. The addition of trivalent impurity produces a large no. of holes to the host crystals. To explain the formation of P - type semiconductor, let usintroduce a trivalent impurity into the lattice of a pure silicon crystal. The trivalent atom has 3 valanceelectrons and form covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms. The 4th bond is incomplete . the trivalent atom then attracts an electron from an adjacent atom there bycompleting the 4th bond and forming a hole in the adjacent atom. Since a trivalent impurity atom provides 1 hole, an enormous increase occurs in the number of holes. The impure crystals so obtained is called P - type semiconductor where P represents the positive charge on hole. Thus the majority carrier in a P - type semiconductor are holes. Freeelectrons are also present in the P - type semiconductor. These are thermally generated and since they relatively few, they are called minority carriers. The trivalent impurity atoms are called acceptors because each accepts an electron when the atom is introduced into the host crystal.FORMATION OF N TYPE SEMI CONDUCTORAn N - type semiconductor is formed when a small amount of pentavalent impurity is added to a pure Germenium or Silicon crystal. The addition of pentavalent impurity produces a large no. of free electrons in the host crystal.To explain the formation of N - type semiconductor, let us introduce a pentavalent impurity atom into the lattice of pure silicon crystal. The pentavalent atom has 5 valance electrons, but only 4 form covalent bonds with the neighbouring atoms. The 5th electron finds no place in the covalent bonding so becomes free. Since an impurity atom provides one free electron, an enormous increase occurs in the no. of free electrons. The impure semiconductor so obtained is then called as N - type semiconductor where N represents negative charge on an electron. Thus the majority carrier in N - type semiconductor are free electrons. Holes are also present in the N - type semiconductor. These are thermally generated and since they are relatively few, they are called minority carrier.The pentavalent impurity atom are called donour because each donate a free electron to the host crystal.
What is the Difference between n type and p type semiconductor?
The difference between the p-type and the n-type semiconductor is that the p-type semiconductor has more holes than electrons while the n-type semiconductor has more electrons than holes.
Difine the formation of p and n type semiconductors?
When a small amount of pentavalent impurity is added to a pure semiconductor , it is called n-type semiconductor , and , when a small amount of trivalent impurity is added to a pure semiconductor, it is called p-type semiconductor.
How is p type semiconductor formed?
p-type or n-type semiconductor alone is of very limited use in chips -- you can only make a thin-film resistor or parallel-plate capacitor with it. You also need the opposite type, the n-type semiconductor, to make junction diodes and MOS or bipolar transistors, which are essential components in an integrated circuit. ================================
What are donor atoms and accepter atoms?
Donor atoms are those impurity atoms in a semiconductor material that give free electons to the material, for example a 5-valent atom in a semiconductor consisting of 4-valent atoms. Acceptor atoms are 3-valent atoms in a 4-valent semiconductor, so an acceptor atom can "accept" an electron from the surrounding atoms what leaves a free "hole" . Free electrons (from donor atoms) and free holes (from acceptor atoms) make the semiconductor conduct electricity.
What charge is on acceptor atom?
If I understand it right, an acceptor atom is that one which accepts the electrons, then it has positive charge and thus it is able to attract the negatively charged electrons.
What is the amount of impurities in pure semiconductor to make it extrinsic semiconductor?
the impurity add here is 1 atom of per million atoms of semiconductor.......
In cellular respiration the final electron acceptor is?
O2 ADDED: Not O2, but one atom of oxygen.
What are solids that have repeating atom patterns are?
Crystals.
What are the materials in which the reletive location of the atom is fixed?
Crystals.
What atom is used as dopant in an n-type semiconductor?
Phosphorus. (And Boron for p-type)
How are P and N type semiconductors formed?
FORMATION OF P-TYPE SEMI CONDUCTOR A P - type semiconductor is formed when a small amount of trivalent impurity is added to pure Germenium or silicon atom crystal. The addition of trivalent impurity produces a large no. of holes to the host crystals. To explain the formation of P - type semiconductor, let usintroduce a trivalent impurity into the lattice of a pure silicon crystal. The trivalent atom has 3 valanceelectrons and form covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms. The 4th bond is incomplete . the trivalent atom then attracts an electron from an adjacent atom there bycompleting the 4th bond and forming a hole in the adjacent atom. Since a trivalent impurity atom provides 1 hole, an enormous increase occurs in the number of holes. The impure crystals so obtained is called P - type semiconductor where P represents the positive charge on hole. Thus the majority carrier in a P - type semiconductor are holes. Freeelectrons are also present in the P - type semiconductor. These are thermally generated and since they relatively few, they are called minority carriers. The trivalent impurity atoms are called acceptors because each accepts an electron when the atom is introduced into the host crystal.FORMATION OF N TYPE SEMI CONDUCTORAn N - type semiconductor is formed when a small amount of pentavalent impurity is added to a pure Germenium or Silicon crystal. The addition of pentavalent impurity produces a large no. of free electrons in the host crystal.To explain the formation of N - type semiconductor, let us introduce a pentavalent impurity atom into the lattice of pure silicon crystal. The pentavalent atom has 5 valance electrons, but only 4 form covalent bonds with the neighbouring atoms. The 5th electron finds no place in the covalent bonding so becomes free. Since an impurity atom provides one free electron, an enormous increase occurs in the no. of free electrons. The impure semiconductor so obtained is then called as N - type semiconductor where N represents negative charge on an electron. Thus the majority carrier in N - type semiconductor are free electrons. Holes are also present in the N - type semiconductor. These are thermally generated and since they are relatively few, they are called minority carrier.The pentavalent impurity atom are called donour because each donate a free electron to the host crystal.
Can crystals be made of more then one kind of atom?
Yes.
When a pure semiconductor is dopped with fifth group impurity the fermi leves shifts where?
That depends on the semiconductor and the site the dopant occupies. If the bonding of the dopant requires more electrons than it came with, it accepts those extra electrons from the Fermi level, thereby lowering it. If the dopant has too many electrons to satiate its bonds, then it donates those electrons to the Fermi level, thereby raising it. Just to note: Adding a Group V dopant to a Group IV semiconductor does not mean that it will substitute a native atom. The dopant may take up an interstitial location, where it might seek a valence of 4 (sp3), 6 (filled p-shell), or 8 (filled s&p shells). In the first case it is a single donor, in the next a single acceptor, and in the last a triple acceptor. It might also remain uncharged. In a II-VI semiconductor, a Group V atom could substitute on an anion (chalcogen) or cation (metal) site. If on the anion site, it would have too few electrons (5 < 6) and become an acceptor. If on the cation site, it would have too many electrons (5 > 2) and likely become a donor. The dopant might also occupy an interstitial site.
How did crystals grow?
They add one atom at a time to the crystal latuse.
Can crystals be made from more than one kind of atom?
Yes.
