Archaeology has shown that no ancient society ever existed that did not believe in the supernatural.
According to Jewish tradition (Rashi commentary, Genesis 4:26), monotheism is more ancient than polytheism.
Idolatry and immorality came before Judaism but after the original brief monotheism, as the spiritual level of the ancient nations descended and they succumbed to their desires (Talmud, Sanhedrin 63). Even then, the subsequent idolatry retained traces of the original belief.
Abraham (who founded Judaism) came at a time when the (relatively) new idolatry had completely supplanted peoples' awareness of One God. Being surrounded by idolaters, he discovered the truth through his own efforts; but in effect he was actually reinstating the original belief.
Judaism's foundations come before Jesus and have nothing to do with Jesus. It is a common Christian and Muslim preconception that Judaism is fundamentally defined by the rejection of Jesus, but it is not. Judaism has a track-record of many false claimed Messiahs (they usually crop up every 100-150 years). All of them were believed by some, but then disproved in the community. The original founders of Judaism according to Jewish belief are Abraham (who was the ancestor of the Jewish people) and Moses (who revealed God's law to the community). Historians see Judaism developing during the Israelite Kingdoms and crystallizing during the Babylonian Captivity, nearly 550 years before Jesus.
The Jewish thinking before Jesus is the same as Jewish thinking today. Jesus didn't change Judaism, and therefore he doesn't have a role in Judaism.
In Jewish tradition, a boy does not wear a tallit intil he becomes a bar mitzvah (turns 13) as wearing a tallit is an adult obligation.
A Jew is someone born to a Jewish mother or who has converted to Judaism; Jewish tradition does not recognize "half Jewish" or "partly Jewish" as a status. You either are or you are not. A Jew who abandons Judaism and adopts another religion is an apostate. It is important to understand, though, that to be Jewish is to be accepted as a Jew by the Jewish community. It is not just between you and God. So, conversion to Judaism involves coming learning enough to come before a rabbinical court and be accepted as a Jew. There are also ritual requirements such as circumcision and dunking in a mikvah. For an apostate to return to Judaism, mere private renunciation of the other religion is not enough, it is also necessary to patch up differences with the Jewish community.
The patriarchs of Judaism ... those who, according to the narratives of their lives in the Torah, are considered to have lived their lives according to the Jewish culture even before it was codified, taught it to their children, and exemplified it to their neighbors ... are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In Hebrew, they are referred to simply as "The Fathers".
Zach Braff's father is Jewish and Zach Braff's mother converted to Judaism before marrying his father. Zach Braff was raised in Conservative Judaism. It is hard to say how practising he is today.
Before converting to Judaism, Mel Brooks was raised in a secular Jewish household. His family identified as Jewish, but they did not practice the faith actively. Later in life, he embraced Judaism more fully, especially after marrying actress Anne Bancroft, who was also Jewish.
A Jewish wedding signifies the sacred union of a couple before God, incorporating traditions like the signing of the ketubah, exchanging rings, and breaking a glass to symbolize the commitment and community blessing.
Nachshon was the son of Amminadav. According to the Jewish tradition, he was the first to enter the see before it was split by Moses, and the rest of the people followed him.
Yes. According to our tradition, there were synagogues in the time of the Prophets (First-Temple era) as well as later.
Yes, if the woman converts to Judaism before they're born.
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