as evidenced by light microscopey electron microscopy and in vitro fertilization
the fast block to polyspermy
capacitation, acrosomal reaction, cleavage, implantation, decidual reaction
The acrosome reaction must be completed before the sperm can fuse with the secondary oocyte, during the process of fertilisation. It occurs when the sperm comes into contact with the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte. Initally, perforations will develop in the acrosome, and then there will be point fusions of the sperm plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane. The acrosome reaction is associated with the release of enzymes which facilitate fertilisation. The passage of sperm through the corona radiata is dependent on hyaluronidase, an acrosomal membrane, as well as tubal mucosal enzymes. Flagella action of the sperm also helps penetration of the corona radiata. Other important acrosomal enzymes include esterases, and lysin which causes lysis of the zona pellucida.
The headPlasma membraneOuter acrosomal membraneAcrosomeInner acrosomal membraneNucleusProximal centrioleThe NeckRest of the distal centrioleThe Mid pieceThick outer longitudinal fibersMitochondrionAxonemeThe Principal pieceRing fibersThe Endpiece
Strictly speaking, no, because "cows" are female bovines. Bulls, which are male bovines, do have testicles. Steers are castrated bovines and therefore have had their testicles removed.
Bovines (cows, steer) provide milk and meat for human consumption.
helps in the penetration of the spermatozoon into the ovum during fertiliztaion.
Cows are female bovines. Bulls are male bovines. Therefore they have the same digestive system!!
encephalitis.
It prevents other sperm from binding to and entering the egg by modifying the zona pellucida. It forms a fertilization envelope
Cattle, or cattlebeasts, or bovines.
umm....a farmer.