optical illusion
A hierarchical model is a database model which represents the database in a tree diagram. It thus helps the user to work with(i.e., use, modify, extract etc.) the database without even bothering about the complicated algorithms or flow chart used by the system to deal with the database.
Relational model of database is a good way to represent the database. Also network data model and hierarchical model can be used depending on the requirements.
What is central hierarchical database?
hierarchical databases are fast and conceptually simple however do not support many-to-many relationships and have a lack of referential integrity. dan woodfield was a creater of Hierarchical Databases
well i dont know so sorry
Network Database
Some disadvantages of the hierarchical database model include complexity in representing certain types of relationships, limited flexibility in querying data due to its rigid structure, and potential data redundancy issues as each child can only have one parent record.
Hierarchical data model :Advantages- simplicity- data security- data integrity- efficiency- ease to add and delete recordDisadvantages- implement complexity- database management problem- lack of structural independence- programming complexity- implementation limitation- procedural access languageNetwork data model :Advantages- easy to access data- can handle more relationship types- data independence- data integrity- data independenceDisadvantages- system complexity- lack of structural independence- procedural access language
two main early navigational data models were the hierarchical model and the CODASYL model (network model)
Hierarchical database
Use of primary keys less data redundancy compatible with inconsistencies associated with database anomalies
The main advantages of the hierarchical database are:· Performance. Navigating among the records in a hierarchical database is very fast because the parent/child relationships are implemented with pointers from one data record to another. The same is true for the sideways relationships from child to child and parent to parent. Thus, after finding the first record, the program does not have to search an index (or do a table scan) to find the next record. Instead, the application needs only to follow one of the multiple child record pointers, the single sibling record pointer, or the single parent record pointer to get to the "next" record.· Ease of understanding. The organization of the database parallels a corporate organization chart or family tree. As such, it has a familiar "feel" to even nonprogrammers. Moreover, it easily depicts relationships where A is a part of B (as was the case with the order database we discussed, where each item was a part of an order).The main disadvantage of the hierarchical database is its rigid structure. If you want to add a field to a table, the database management system must create a new table for the larger records. Unlike an SQL database, the hierarchical model has no ALTER TABLE command. Moreover, if you want to add a new relationship, you will have to build a new and possibly redundant database structure.