I'm guessing you are doing the same course as me!!
This was a help to me: from Google books. I hope this link works, if not try searching for comparisson of HOC & R&F methods.
http://books.google.com/books?id=hqFcPbmmxC4C&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131&dq=Reducing+levels+by+rise+and+fall+method&source=web&ots=F7x3jGi-MV&sig=zi7JVYCBLT8-z42OKfst2XFIK-o&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result
Good luck
Pete
p.s if you find any more info please get back to me
thanks Pete.
your links did works for me...
The rise and fall method is one of the two methods of leveling in surveying. Its advantages are: complete check is there for all readings and it is preferable for check leveling where number of change points are more.
The height of collimation method is one of the two methods of levelling in surveying. Its advantages are: simple and easy to conduct, reduction of levels is easy and visualization is not necessary regarding the nature of the ground.
1, describe the methode of reducing the levels and thier relative advantages and disadvantages 2, writetypes of levelling instruments and methodes of leveling
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This method provides a permanent record and the traceability required from quality systems
There are two general types of land surveying: plane and geodetic. Plane surveying considers the earth to be a flat surface--a plane, which works well for jobs spanning a short distance (a few miles), because calculations are relatively simple. Surveys of this nature account for much of survey work being done. Geodetic surveying takes into account the true shape of the earth. These surveys are usually of a very large scale and most often performed by government agencies. GPS is capable of automatically giving geodetic positions (within certain qualifiers), though a thorough understanding of the principals of geodesy is necessary to adequately design and conduct a geodetic survey.
Yes. The definition of function overloading is multiple methods with the same name, but different numbers of arguments and return types. static int getArea(int height, int width) { return height * width; } static double getArea(double height, double width) { return height * width; }
the advantages of this method was that it is more quick and less calculation needed and the disadvantages, it less accurate compare to the rise and fall method.
There are many advantages to using tachometry as a method of detail surveying. They include that a tachometer is easier to use in locations where chaining is difficult, and it is an easier way to measure when accuracy is not particularly important, saving time and money.
Advantages of Traverse Surveying: Traverse surveying creates a closed loop, which confirms the accuracy of the survey. It is suitable for surveying large areas with a minimum of time and effort. This method can be used for both plane and geodetic surveying. It is easy to calculate the coordinates and areas by using the traverse surveying method. Disadvantages of Traverse Surveying: The accuracy of the survey is dependent upon the accuracy of the instruments used for the measurements. This method requires a long base line which is not always available in certain circumstances. Traverse surveying is not suitable for rough terrain as measurements can be affected by uneven ground. It is difficult to locate the exact points when the measurements are taken from a long distance.
A reduced level is the vertical distance between a survey point and the adopted level datum. There are two methods for calculating reduced levels, namely the "rise and fall" method and the "height of collimation" method. The latter reduces levels relative to the instrument height. As it has inferior built-in checks, it is unreliable.
Reduced level in land surveying refers to the vertical distance from a known elevation point, such as a benchmark, to a point of interest on the ground. It is typically used to determine the height or depth of a specific location relative to a reference point.
Traverse surveying is a method used in land surveying to establish control points and boundaries by measuring a series of connected survey lines. It involves measuring both angles and distances between points to accurately map out the boundaries of a piece of land. Traverse surveys are commonly used in construction and engineering projects to create detailed site plans.
1, describe the methode of reducing the levels and thier relative advantages and disadvantages 2, writetypes of levelling instruments and methodes of leveling
Radiation intersection traversing resection
method of linear measurement
There are many advantages to using tachometry as a method of detail surveying. They include that a tachometer is easier to use in locations where chaining is difficult, and it is an easier way to measure when accuracy is not particularly important, saving time and money.
Surveying
the advantages of deductive method