An observer at latitude 79°, whether north or south, can never see the sun at his zenith.
That's only possible for observers whose latitude is less than 23.5°, either north or south.
That's the observer's 'zenith'. Since it's referenced to the "observer's head", each observer has a different zenith.
The observer must be 15.5 degrees south of the Arctic circle, so 51.1 degrees north approximately.
5 DEGREES
Within 1/2 degree of 70N. Polaris is not EXACTLY above the North Pole; it is about 0.6 degrees from it.
If your latitude is 39 degrees north, then the north celestial poleis 39 degrees above your northern horizon.If your latitude is 39 degrees south, then the north celestial poleis 39 degrees below your northern horizon.
30 degrees for observers at a latitude of 30 degrees north
The latitude of the observer is equal to the altitude of Polaris. Therefore, if the altitude of Polaris is 43 degrees, then the latitude of the observer is 43 degrees.
That's the observer's 'zenith'. Since it's referenced to the "observer's head", each observer has a different zenith.
The observer must be 15.5 degrees south of the Arctic circle, so 51.1 degrees north approximately.
5 DEGREES
Within 1/2 degree of 70N. Polaris is not EXACTLY above the North Pole; it is about 0.6 degrees from it.
If your latitude is 39 degrees north, then the north celestial poleis 39 degrees above your northern horizon.If your latitude is 39 degrees south, then the north celestial poleis 39 degrees below your northern horizon.
The North star will be 75 degrees above the horizon. Whatever degree you are at latitude, the North star will be the same degrees up. So at the north pole (90 degrees north), the star will be at the zenith (straight up). While at the equator (0 degrees north) the star will be at the horizon.
60 degrees north is a latitude.
latitude of the observer
Viewed from latitude 55° north, the sun's highest altitude on June 21 is31.5° down from the zenith, or 58.5° up from the horizon.
During the equinoxes, when the Sun is at its highest, it will be at a distance from the zenith which is the same as your geographical latitude, but in the opposite direction. For example, if you live 50 degrees north of the equator, the Sun will be 50 degrees south of the zenith at noon.