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What Proclaimed Jews to be second-class citizens?
Prior to the American Revolution, Jews were second-class citizens in just about every country on the planet. Different states in the US ended second-class status at different times, but legal discrimination against Jews in the US only ended with the Civil Rights act of 1964. In Europe, Napolean ended legal discrimination against the Jews of his empire -- this is remembered as the Emancipation of the Jews. During the counter-revolutions that followed the fall of the Napoleanic Empire, Jewish rights were attacked, but most of these attacks were short lived. In Russia, Jews remained second class citizens until the Russian Revolution, and then under Stalin, their rights were attacked (to a greater extent than the rights of other Russians). England ended second-class citizenship for Jews gradually, with the biggest step in 1867.But my guess is that you're asking about Germany. Jews were emancipated in most German lands when Napolean conquered those lands, and this emancipation lasted (with brief reversions) until Hitler ascended to power. Then, things went downhill. The Nurnberg Laws put Jews solidly back into second-class status in 1935, although there were earlier restrictions.
How did the Jews become stateless?
The German Jews were turned into second class citizens in 1935 and in 1941 they were stripped of German citizenship completely. Some other collaborationist governments also deprived their Jews of citizenship.
Should women still be considered second class citizens?
Yes.
Who were most tolerant towards the Jews during the 16th and 17th century?
The Turks, for one. They openly welcomed many Jews after the Spanish Expulsion of 1492. On account of this, Salonika (now Thessaloniki, Greece) had a majority-Jewish population during the 16th and 17th centuries. It should be noted, however, that Jews were still second class citizens under the Ottoman Millet System. However, as opposed to Europe which was executing, expelling, and torturing its Jewish population, being a second-class citizen was a more tolerant system.
What aid that was abailable to other German citizens was dinied to Jews?
German citizens who were first class citizens were given aid of food, shelter and jobs. The Jews had been made second class citizens and they had their businesses, homes, funds taken from them. Then they were sent to ghettos and concentration camps.
Does Ethiopia still have Jews?
Yes there are still Jews in Ethiopia.
How do the stages of isolation show the gradual persecution leading to the annihilation of the Jews?
These stages removed the Jews from the main stream of society making them second class. It was then easy to demonize the people who were set apart and blame them for the ills in the society which ultimately led to the persecution of the Jews.
Did the Jews get along with their Arab neighbors?
Historically, yes, provided that Jews accepted their status as second-class citizens. When Jews began to assert their rights as equals in society, this provoked conflict. For more discussion of the conflict that developed, please see the Related Question.
Did the Jews have a caste system?
Sort of. The ancient Jews had a priestly class and a "teacher" class, but most people were not in either group.
Is a nutcracker an example of a third-class lever?
No. It's an example of a Second Class lever.
Who declared Jews second-class citizens?
Hitler did so at the meeting of the (nominated, unelected) Reichtag held at Nuremberg in 1935. Please see related question.
What was life for Jewish people before the holocaust?
Before the Holocaust, Jews faced persecution in much of the world, just not as bad as the Nazi persecution. Persecution was intense in Russia (both under the Tzars and the Communists). In Western Europe and the United States, Jews enjoyed relatively civil treatment, with many of the rights of citizenship, although there was still considerable legal discrimination against Jews even in the United States. Jews in Arab lands had second-class citizenship, although sometimes this allowed a comfortable existence comparable to that of European Jews. 200 years before the Holocaust, the Spanish Inquisition was still actively persecuting crypto-Jews, sometimes burning them at the stake, and Jews had no secure rights of citizenship in any country.
