Prior to the American Revolution, Jews were second-class citizens in just about every country on the planet. Different states in the US ended second-class status at different times, but legal discrimination against Jews in the US only ended with the Civil Rights act of 1964. In Europe, Napolean ended legal discrimination against the Jews of his empire -- this is remembered as the Emancipation of the Jews. During the counter-revolutions that followed the fall of the Napoleanic Empire, Jewish rights were attacked, but most of these attacks were short lived. In Russia, Jews remained second class citizens until the Russian Revolution, and then under Stalin, their rights were attacked (to a greater extent than the rights of other Russians). England ended second-class citizenship for Jews gradually, with the biggest step in 1867.
But my guess is that you're asking about Germany. Jews were emancipated in most German lands when Napolean conquered those lands, and this emancipation lasted (with brief reversions) until Hitler ascended to power. Then, things went downhill. The Nurnberg Laws put Jews solidly back into second-class status in 1935, although there were earlier restrictions.
People who were not Jews were treated differently than the Jews in Nazi Germany. Some of the Jews were German citizens but they were treated as Jews.
France considers Jews as French citizens because they felt sympathy for them after the halocaust
No. The Sefardic Jews are a slight minority in Israel.
It was not only German citizens, it was citizens from most countries of occupied Europe. In fact German citizens did less to help than most, Jews from Germany were mainly deported to the ghettos, rather than the death camps, also there were actually (some)protests in Germany over the deportations. Some countries did have the normal citizens affect the deportations: In Finalnd after 8 Jewish refugees were deported there were popular protests and no more Jews were taken. In Denmark the ordinary citizens helped Jews escape from the Nazis. But in France (for example) Jews were rounded up by the French.
German citizens who were first class citizens were given aid of food, shelter and jobs. The Jews had been made second class citizens and they had their businesses, homes, funds taken from them. Then they were sent to ghettos and concentration camps.
jews and gipses
The Jews belonged to the various countries of which they were (or are) citizens. Until the foundation of Israel they didn't have a specifically Jewish country.
The Law of Return.
1935 (September).
No, of course not. Citizens have to pay taxes. Religious preference has nothing to do with it.
At a certain point Hitler didn't have parents anymore. He didn't have money nor diploma's. He was neglected by all rich citizens. In many cases those citizens were the Jews. This is why Hitler developed a great hatred for Jews.
The Berlin Wall was to prevent all citizens of East Germany from escaping East Germany by going to West Berlin. It was built in 1961, long after the Holocaust, and had nothing to do with any distinction between Jews or Non-Jews, but rather East German citizens and West German citizens.