Your question is entirely too general to be answered in this forum. You should contact a local attorney who is familiar with the local courts and judges; and with whom you can discuss the particulars of the case.
It depends on the magnitude of the error. If the officer forgets to dot an 'i', no. If the officer mis-identifies the perpetrator, probably.
You will be able to get your vehicle back if the police stop you and arrest you for having a stolen template on your vehicle but first you will have to get all of your paperwork in order.
If a police officer takes custody of a vehicle, it is usually said he impounds the vehicle.
yes, if you have a warrent out then they will search the vehicle.
(in the US) In many locations arrest/detention on grounds of "suspcion" is still a lawful statute - yes - they can.
Yes. If the grounds for the arrest were lawful to begin with, the actual charge can be changed or amended at a later time.
Yes, if they believe you are holdng something or someone they can. Some states have a law where if the police officer can reach in you vehicle,they can take whatever they need to arrest you.
It is not a crime to not have a driver's license. but if the police see you operating a motor vehicle and know that you have no license, then they can arrest you.
The police can hold you for as long as they deem necessary if you have broken the law and driven a vehicle with a stolen template. Every state is different.
A person is "under arrest" when a police officer charges them with a crime and chooses to take them to the police station to be processed for it. For example, if someone commits a crime, they are technically under arrest when a police officer witnesses the crime or has a warrant for the arrest and tells the criminal "You are under arrest." Typical procedure after this is to put handcuffs on the criminal and read them their Miranda rights (you have the right to remain silent etc). Handcuffs alone do not mean arrest, but i'm pretty sure its illegal for a police officer to handcuff someone without grounds to arrest them. As a side note, the person doing the arrest does not have to be a sworn in police officer. In Citizen's arrest cases, anyone with arresting powers like a bounty hunter can also place someone under arrest.
I'm sure about every state, but generally speaking, yes. However, it's extremely unlikely. Normally, the officer will have the vehicle towed to the police impound lot.
upon arrest/ if the officer see's an illegal object/substance (called in plain view), or if the individual is on probation or parole
Not if they've already served punishment for the behavior.