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ZERO pitch
By strict calculations OR install the pipe longer then needed and after the finish work cut the pipe to the required height and install the flange
Yes. If the sump pump is used as a sewage lift station, objects going into the toilet (especially forign objects) can cause the pump to clogg. These pumps are usually referred to as sewage ejector pumps. If the sump pump is only used for stormwater runoff, and foundation drains, then no, the toilet is a separate system and would not affect it. These are referred to as sump pumps. Except in unusual circumstances, such as when a toilet overflows, and drains into the basement floor drains for instance, these are totally separate.
A floor drain , drains water and other liquids that spilled on the floor
The knobs on the bottom of the toilet hold the toilet to the bolts that in turn hold the toilet in place on the floor.
Yes As long as the flange does not hold the toilet off the floor it will be fine.
No,you can get sick the next time to wipe
They share the same drain and it is becoming clogged. Drain cleaner in both drains should help.
Yes that's what the flange sit on and get bolted onto that is why if you remove the toilet/flange you will see a hole in your floor
Lag
The floor around your toilet and sink could be hot because there is a heat vent nearby. There is no specific plumbing reason for this.
You may have to remove the toilet from floor and look underneath. Things usually jam where toilet meets floor flange. Takes about an hour for a competent handy man to do.