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potatoes especially supplied many essential vitamins and minerals. Tomates, squash, pineapples, tobacco, and cacao beans were carred west across the Atlantic also.
They carried all of the meat
Before the Columbian Exchange, no Native American had ever ridden a horse or died of smallpox.
This list is not by any means complete, but these are the basics. The items listed are unique to each region, I did not include items that already existed in Europe but were imported in huge numbers after Columbus (such as gold, for example.)This is sometimes referred to as the Columbian Exchange, however the true columbian exchange includes items from Africa as well and refers to a circular trade route between Europe, the americas and Africa. Slaves would go from Africa to the Americas and trade goods would return from the Americas to Europe. The ships would empty their loads of gold, tobacco, etc in europe and then head to Africa to trade finished goods for more slaves. Then the cycle would repeat. This is also sometimes referred to as the columbian triangle.From Europe to the AmericasBubonic PlagueSmallpoxHorsesCattleSheepPigs (?) - these may have been raised in remote parts of the AndesAdvanced Metallurgy (At least for iron working)WoolBarley (?)Sugar CaneRiceReligion **I did not list for reverse because there were no native american missions in Europe**Slaves(?) - although some native tribes did practice slavery, plantation style slavery was brought to the Americas by Europe. The distinction is not a subtle one.From the Americas to Europe:CocoaTobaccoCornTomatoesPotatoesSyphilis (?) - this is still under debate but the evidence is pretty strongChili peppersLaCrosseIce Cream (? - I heard this but havew not verefied)Exotic skins and peltsFish - specifically, cod from fisheries in and around the northeastern coast of North America.
Spai
Polar easerlies
The Atlantic Ocean is situated between the Americas and European/African continents. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest and saltiest ocean in the world.It resembles an S-shape between the Americas, Europe, and Africa. “Atlantic” originated from the Greek god “Atlas” who carried the sky for eternity.The ocean bottom is composed of mid-Atlantic Ridge. This submarine mountain range extends all the way from Iceland to 58 degrees South latitude. It’s part of the longest mountain range in the world.The Vikings, Portuguese, and Christopher Columbus have extensively explored the Atlantic Ocean. Similarly to this day, it’s being used for trade routes such as the transatlantic trade route.
The Middle Passage
they exchange goods
The Apollo spacecraft that went to the moon carried a crew of three.
Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation