I would need to know the caliber and type (revolver, single shot. flintlock, percussion) to answer the question exactly, but the best place to start is with as many grains of powder as the caliber divided by half for a hand gun or revolver as a MAXIMUM LOAD. So a .45 cal. would be about 20-23 grain. I usually start out around 12-15 grains and work from there.
load data
I believe 3 grains of black powder for a start
black powder, bullet patch, projectile.
A black powder handgun, also known as a muzzleloader, is a firearm that uses black powder or a black powder substitute as its propellant. It is loaded through the muzzle, typically with a lead ball or bullet and powder charge, and ignited by a percussion cap or flintlock mechanism for firing.
Follow manufacturer provided instructions.
dr eq = drams equivalent. Black powder used to be measured in drams, which was a measure of the volume of black powder used in a load (basically the amount used). When smokeless powder came along later, both smokeless powder and black powder existed at the same time for a while. A smaller amount of smokeless powder was equal in power to a larger amount of black powder. To keep things simple shells using smokeless powder were referenced to how many drams of black powder would be needed to produce similar results. This continued into modern times. A shell marked 3 1/4 dr eq is roughly equal to a black powder load of 3 1/4 drams. This allows an idea of how much power a shell has regardless of the actual amount of powder that is inside the shell.
fill it all the way up get 1000 fps no worry about blowing up
Type your answer here... nothing its worthless. hahahaha
In my short barrels I use 15 grains of 3F black powder. You can fiddle a bit with the amount +/- to do what you need, but I found it to be a good load for up to a 4" barrel.
You need a gunsmith
Do not attempt to do load with smokeless powder.
In theory, you could load about 7000 grains of BLACK POWDER in a .54 cal. However, it would be a lousy load, and blow unburned powder all over. The largest charge is not necesarily the best- and will depend on whether you are shooting patched ball, maxis or sabot. 80-90 grains would be an average hunting load for a .54 with a maxi-ball, but do yourself a favor- contact the maker of your rifle through their website, and get an owner's manual- they are free.