Yes, and is known as a dual-booting computer. Install Windows first, then your chosen distribution of Linux (Ubuntu is one example). You will be given the choice of which to use at the start of booting up the computer.
Yes there should be no impediment to downloading of any file.
No. Windows and Linux have different APIs and ABIs for programs to access. You cannot run Linux binaries on Windows, and you can only run Windows binaries on Linux if you have Wine installed.
No, Linux is simply the operating system running on the hardware, much in the same way that you could run Windows or another OS on the same hardware.
The 2 operating systems are different from each other. Linux programs aren't meant to work in Windows most of the time. If you want to run Linux programs in Windows, install cygwin, and compile them from source code.
You don't run macOS applications on Linux unless there's a Linux port. As far as Windows goes, there is Wine. Do note that it's not an emulator and it won't run perfectly with everything.
You can't. You could run it on a Linux virtual machine inside windows though.
All Linux distros have about the same capabilities as far as applications go. The key to playing any Windows games on Linux is the installation of Wine. Wine is a library that allows most (though certainly not all) Windows programs to be run on Linux.
Yes and no. Linux will not run Windows applications by itself, however, there are ample tools written for Linux that permit you to run Windows applications on Linux. The open-source WINE software will run a majority of Windows software on Linux. You can even configure Linux to automatically recognize Windows applications and use WINE to run them. Alternatively, there's a wide variety of virtual machine products that permit you to run the Windows operating system as an application under Linux, and, in turn, any Windows applications inside the Windows virtual environment. Finally, some "Windows applications" are written in .Net or Java and can be run directly under Linux using mono and java respectively (albeit, some .Net applications will not yet run under mono).
For the same reason Linux binaries don't run in Windows. 1. They are structured completely differently. Linux uses ELF format; Windows uses PE format. 2. They use different methods of memory management. 3. The applications will likely rely on external libraries that simply won't be found on another operating system.
You can install and run Microsoft Office in Linux, yes. You will need to install it separately, however; you can't just run the programs off your Windowspartition in Linux.
No, because internet explorer is only for windows. You can get FireFox for linux though.
Windows applications have no implicit purpose in a Linux system. They are not at all necessary for it to run. Unless you have Wine, an application binary layer to run Windows programs, they aren't even usable.
yes. we can