Most likely, a kicker bracket will be needed, in order for the shortshaft engine to do it's job. If it is mounted too high, propulsion and cooling will both be unsatisfactory.
No you can not but you can use a long shaft on a 16 inch transom
Boat builders manfacture their crafts' in three basic transom heights. The transom height is measured from the top of the transom, (where the engine bolts on), straight down to the keel, (bottom middle), of the boat. A 15'' transom would require a shortshaft engine. A 20" transom would need a longshaft outboard, and a boat with a 25" transom, would require a extra longshaft engine.
The transom plate on a boat is located on the back of the boat. This in where the engine mounts to the boat and needs to be mounted at the correct height depending on whether the engine is a short or long shaft.
For long shaft obm were designed to fit on high transom boat usually measured from lowest point at the bottom of the transom to the top where the obm clamp sit , about 21" in.for yamaha & 20" in. for mercury ( sorry ,for other brand you may refer to the respective manufacturer specs because I never had one).As for short shaft it were designed to fit on lower transom boat which usually measured from top to bottom around 15" to 15½".There were XL & XXL found on high power motor which fit to 25" & 30" transom respectively to cater high transom boat usually installed with 2 or more big & heavy Obm thus the load won't sank the stern as the load may excess ½ tons or more depend on engine sizes & quantity.The transom heights recommended by obm manufacturer shall be followed in order to achieve optimum performance and reliablelity of the motor as.Lonn shaft Obm has longer ``leg'' compare to the shorter shaft by 5"in. in length measure from clamp gape to the top of cavitation plate.This will allow the props and cooling water pick up were ideally submerged in the water.Long shaft obm if installed to low transom boat may compromise the handling as to turn the the boat become difficult task with tiller model and water will be drawn from the back when move due to deflection on the obm lower casing.
short shaft
Vans and trucks are long shaft. Cars are short shaft.
That would be a short shaft.
Long shaft
short
About 6 inches
It should be the short shaft tranny, I believe the longshaft was used in pick-ups and vans.
short tail shaft or long tail shaft trans they are different lengths