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Roman Catholic AnswerApostasy is the complete denial of the Christian religion, whereas heresy is the post baptismal denial of some truth of the faith that must be believed while remaining a "Christian". In the case of someone leaving the Catholic Church to join the Lutheran church, we would be talking about heresy.

"Objectively, therefore, to become a heretic in the strict canonical sense and be excommunicated from the faithful, one must deny or question a truth that is taught not merely on the authority of the church but on the word of God revealed in the Scriptures or sacred tradition. " from Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980

If one is a Catholic and one joins a Lutheran church, then you have pretty publicly denied the faith as revealed by God and so have excommunicated yourself, by the very act of publicly repudiating the Church.

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12y ago
Roman Catholic AnswerYes, he may join another Rite of the Church, with permission (a Latin Rite Catholic becoming a Maronite); if you are using the word "church" to refer to other ecclesial communities (protestant "churches"), then no, he incurs automatic excommunication by the very act of attempting to join an heretical or schismatic sect.
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Q: Can a Catholic join another church without first being excommunicated from the Catholic Church?
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