the answer is no . the converter would not affect just one cylinder .
No. Oxygenation just helps get more complete combustion, both in the cylinder and the catalytic converter.
It depends on the reason that cylinder is misfiring. It could cause serious damage to the catalytic converter.
A partially clogged converter will cause this. Also an overly rich fuel/air mixture or a cylinder misfire is a cause.
Yes, it sure can.
Having no catalytic converter installed is illegal and can cause a myriad of problems. Probably not a backfire though.
Yes, internal coolant consumption can damage a catalytic converter.
No, the catalytic converter is downstream from the EGR valve so it has no effect on it.
A clogged converter will cause the engine to loose power and act as though you are pulling a heavy load. The engine will not miss as if you have a bad cylinder. You will basically have no power.
Yes
No, the catalytic converter has nothing whatsoever to do with your defrost system.
A bad catalytic converter can cause hard starts if it has become clogged. This produces excessive back pressure in the engine.
A bad coil can damage a converter. If the engine is misfiring, it will cause raw fuel to get into the converter and that can cause failure.