Yes, if the mispayment was an error then they are entitied to make the necessary corrections.
If the police report says the other driver was at fault, try to recover from his or her insurance company. If you don't have collision coverage, you can't collect from your insurance company.
File with your own company anyways. They have a 'no fault' claim that they will pay for you now, and it will be up to them to collect the money from the other company when it is resolved who is at fault.
If you have collision coverage on your vehicle you can collect from your insurance company for the damages. You will not have to pay the deductible if you were determined by the insurance company to not be at fault for the accident. They then go after the other insurance company to get the money they paid you back. If you do not carry collision coverage then you need to file with other insurance company, they will then decide who was at fault for the accident if their party was at fault they then pay you for the damages to your vehicle.
Pedestrians can be legally at fault for causing a crash
In most cases, yes.
Yes. You were constructively laid off through no fault of your own because the new company didn't "hire you".
In a case that is like this, the insurance company can pay under uninsured motorist and attempt to collect when the hit and run driver is found. Although it is not your fault the insurance company will keep a record and note if you have a repeat of this happening.
He can bill, but he may not be able to collect. It gets tied up in responsibility to notify and who is legally at fault. Complicated, at best.
yes
Yes, if you lose your job through no fault of your own (as above), you are entitled to unemployment compensation.
No, you can't. When you collect from your insurance company, they will pursue the other driver's insurance because the accident wasn't your fault. When your insurance company finds out that you collected from the other insurance company already, they will come after you. It's called double-dipping and it most likely wouldn't end well.
You can't collect if your supervisor/manager put you on preformance probation because it was your fault that he/she decided to put you on probation in the first place. Your performance at work was not up to the company's hancdbook. If you break any rules in the company's handbook, then it is the employee's fault and not the company's. Unemployment is for people who was laid off from their job (though no fault of his/her own)