Only if the tenant is still there.
Yes
Yes, unless the landlord breached the lease in some significant way.
It is unseemly that a landlord can charge a tenant for other than the items listed in the lease. You can pay them and take your landlord to landlord-tenant court for reimbursement, or you can approach a landlord-tenant advocacy to find the answer that you want.
yes
Only if it so specifies on the lease
If you break the lease, your landlord can charge you the amount of rent for the apartment or unit during the time it is left unoccupied up until the dwelling has been rented out or until your lease expires, whichever comes first.
He could if you lived there those days.
Depending on the pass-through sections of your lease, the landlord may be able to charge you a management fee. Each lease is individual. If you'd like more information about your specific case, drop a direct message with your contact information on twitter @nnnleaseaudit or nnnleaseaudit.blogspot.
If your lease is not up and you are not in arrears you should be safe. If things get worse see a lawyer.
Renters make a lease agreement with a landlord.
No, you have to be notified IN WRITING of any lease changes 30 days (in most states) before changes are to take effect. A good landlord would ask his tenant to at least initial any lease changes. He cannot however raise your rent until your lease is up. When its up he can charge you whatever he wants. If he is a private landlord and not a gov program etc.
It may depend on how the lease was terminated but unless the charges are based on a previous agreement, the landlord cannot spring this on you.