No, a Catholic should not receive communion in anything but a Catholic Church.
Yes. Sometimes it is not possible for a person to receive last sacraments (viaticum, anointing of the sick). That does not prevent them from a Catholic Funeral. As Catholics, in good standing, it is totally appropriate for them to have a Catholic burial.
You would have to attempt to receive a declaration of nullity from the Catholic Church first. If you receive a declaration of nullity then you may marry. Call your Diocesan Chancery for info.
As long as the person remains separated and does not remarry, he/she is able to receive the sacraments. The Catholic Church does not recognize divorce.
After a divorce of a catholic, they may still receive holy communion. However, if a catholic gets remarried without an annullment they cannot.
There are no such complications of getting married to a person from the Catholic family. The question comes here is about the Roman Catholic faith. A Jew and a Roman Catholic cannot get married in a Catholic Church unless the Jewish Person is ready to convert themselves to a Roman Catholic. If the Jewish person is not ready to convert to a Roman Catholic and still wants to get married in a Catholic Church then the marriage won't be celebrated in a mass. There are even more conditions to it :1. The children will be born and brought up into the Catholic Faith.2. The Roman Catholic by birth can continue his / her faith and receive all sacraments from the church.3. The Jewish person cannot receive Holy Communion in mass.
No, the person or couple needs to regularize their marriage in the Catholic Church. The Church does not recognize a civil marriage. Talk with the parish priest.
This is a difficult question to dissect. I think what you mean is that a Catholic gets married to a Non-Catholic in a Civil Ceremony and then sometime later wants to receive Communion. Any Catholic can receive Communion and should, as long as they are not aware of any mortal sin. In this situation, Catholics must be married in the Catholic Church or receive a dispensation to be married elsewhere. If this is not done, it is a grave offense (mortal sin) and a confession is required before going to Communion again.
The person who leads the prayer is called the Imam.
By raping each other.
The Jewish person cannot adopt the religion but needs to go through a program to become Catholic called the Rite of Christian Initiiation. However, the Jewish person is always welcome to attend Mass but cannot receive communion.
A Catholic can divorce and remain a Catholic as long as the person does not remarry. The Catholic Church does not recognize divorce so would consider the person as separated from the spouse. To remarry the person would have to obtain a Church annulment or the previous spouse would have to die. If the person remarries without an annulment, that person would be considered as an adulterer and could not receive the sacraments. The Anglican Church, as we have seen with Henry VIII's life, is much more liberal when it comes to divorce.