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A regulator is referring to a regulator rectifier which converts the ac voltage put out by the stator to dc voltage and regulates it to a consistent voltage usually 12-14 volts dc.
The new alternator probably has a faulty voltage regulator.
Assuming you are measuring the voltage across the battery terminal, the variation is due to voltage put out by the alternator in combination with the regulation provided by a voltage regulator. The battery need a voltage higher than 12 Volts to charge. The variation you see would be due to the speed of the engine spinning the alternator slower or faster. The voltage does not go above 14.2 V due to the regulator
change alternator
Assuming you are asking about the voltage regulator, the voltage regulator regulates the voltage being put out by the alternator or generator so not to overcharge or undercharge the battery and maintain the correct voltage for the electrical system. In 1964, the Lincoln voltage regulator was externally mounted. In later years it became integral with the alternator.
easy first to note this fan is 5 volts d.c if the battery is 12 volts use a low drop out voltage regulator at 5 volts out put you can get them from any electronics stores for around $3 or use 3 1.5 volt battery's in series that makes 4.5 volts like this (+ - + - + -)
Most vehicle manufacturers now put the regulator inside the alternator.
A 220 volt line may put out 250 volts because this specification features voltage that varies between 220 and 250 volts. In other countries, the electricity varies in voltage between 110-120 volts.
13.5 to 16 volts.
No
I don't know. Put some cardboard in it?
Since there is an AC to DC converter in there, it's hard to say. If it's a basic transformer to rectifier to capacitor design it will put out 6 volts. If it is a transformer to a voltage regulator it's hard to say what will happen. Certainly the drive voltage to the regularor will be cut in half. It may or may not run, but won't be able to run at 12 volts because there won't be any 12 volts to drive the regulator. (There will only be 6 volts.) If it is a switcher it may work fine or it may do nothing.